NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    LSLAND — COLLINS  29I 
We  also  find  a  number  of  Ptinuk  elements  in  this  region  though 
nothing  closely  resembling  Puriuk  composition.  The  Aleutian  dart 
points  figured  by  Jochelson  (1925,  pi.  23,  figs.  2-6)  have  lines  along 
the  bases  of  the  barbs  and  sometimes  a  row  of  nucleated  circles,  some- 
what reminiscent  of  Punuk  art;  detached  dots  are  also  found  (pi.  26, 
figs.  24,  25,  and  text  figs,  yo  A  and  JoB).  Another  object  figured 
by  Jochelson  (pi.  26,  fig.  28)  is  decorated  with  a  nucleated  circle  and 
two  spirals.  It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  this  form  of  the  spiral,  which 
is  also  found  on  old  wooden  masks  and  hunting  hats  from  the  same 
region  (Dall,  1884,  pi.  29,  fig.  75,  and  Ivanov,  1930,  pi.  2,  fig.  i; 
pi.  5 ;  pi.  9)  is  lacking  in  the  Punuk  and  represented  by  only  one 
example  in  Old  Bering  Sea  art  (pi.  46,  fig.  i). 
The  mechanically  made  circle  and  dot  is  also  found  at  Cook  Inlet, 
where  it  belongs  to  the  Third  Period  of  the  Kachemak  Bay  culture 
(de  Laguna,  1934,  p.  .120.  pi.  55.  fig.  2)  ;  other  Punuk  elements  known 
from  Cook  Inlet  are  encircling  lines,  straight  lines,  spurred  lines,  and 
dots  (de  Laguna,  p.  120). 
Farther  south.  Smith  has  found  the  mechanically  made  circle,  the 
single  spurred  line  and  the  alternate  spur  design  on  objects  from  pre- 
historic shellheaps  in  British  Columbia  and  Washington  (Smith,  1900, 
figs.  109,  no;  1903,  fig.  50;  1907,  fig.  141),  and  the  same  designs  are 
employed  by  some  of  the  modern  tribes,  such  as  the  Tahlton  (Em- 
mons, 191 1,  p.  53,  fig.  12,  B,  F,  H).  Still  farther  south,  in  the 
Columbia  River  Valley,  there  is  evidence  of  an  old  and  rather  highly 
specialized  art  style  which  depicts  human  figures  with  prominent  eyes 
formed  of  concentric  ovals  and  wide  mouths  with  teeth  represented  by 
opposed  rows  of  "  spurs  "  (Steward,  1927,  pi.  i).  Spurred  lines  are 
also  incised  on  the  forehead  (pi.  i,  a,  d),  the  arms  (pi.  i,  /),  and  on 
other  decorated  fragments  as  well  (pi.  2,  a-d,  f,g);  but  the  favorite 
motive  is  the  related  zigzag,  which  is  present  on  many  of  these  bone 
carvings,  and  which,  together  with  raised  freehand  circles  and  chev- 
rons, may  also  be  seen  on  an  object  from  another  prehistoric  site  in 
the  same  region  (Krieger,  1928,  pi.  6,  fig.  i).  The  presence  here  on 
the  southern  part  of  the  Northwest  Coast  of  an  old  art  style  based  on 
the  same  simple  geometric  motives  that  are  found  in  old  Eskimo  art 
suggests  a  greater  antiquity  for  this  style  (and  the  related  modern 
art  of  the  same  region)  than  for  the  elaborate  representative  and 
symbolic  art  of  the  Northwest  Coast  proper.  Excavations  along  the 
north  coast  of  British  Columbia  and  in  southeastern  Alaska  would  be 
necessary  to  prove  definitely  whether  or  not  modern  Northwest  Coast 
art  is  a  relatively  recent  development.  It  is  significant,  however,  that 
the  excavations  of  Smith  in  southern  British  Columbia  and  of  de 
