NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    LSLAND COLLINS  309 
somewhat  from  Mathiassen's  Thule  type  i  in  having  the  "  wedge- 
shaped  "  socket,  which  is  perhaps  the  most  striking  feature  of  the 
protohistoric  heads  from  St.  Lawrence.  The  other  East  Cape  type 
(Mathiassen,  1930  a,  pi.  18,  figs.  3-4 — Thule  type  3)  is  somewhat 
older,  conforming  to  our  open  socket  type  III  (a)  x,  and  particularly 
to  the  heads  of  that  type  from  levoghiyoq  and  Seklowaghyaget  (e.  g., 
pi.  70,  figs.  9-14;  pi.  71,  figs.  3,  4).  None  of  the  harpoon  heads 
excavated  at  Gambell  had  drilled  lashing  holes,  although  these  were 
present  on  one  specimen  purchased  from  an  Eskimo  (pi.  71,  fig.  21). 
This  was  a  very  late  form,  with  large  triangular  line  hole  and  rivet 
holes  at  the  tip.  Nelson  figures  another  harpoon  head  from  St.  Law- 
rence Island  with  drilled  lashing  holes  (pi.  57,  fig.  13)  ;  this  head  has 
the  general  features  of  Thule  type  2  and  has  also  an  iron  blade  and 
rivet  holes. 
In  view  of  the  above  conditions  it  is  evident  that  in  Alaska  drilled 
lashing  holes  on  harpoon  heads  are  relatively  recent  and  definitely 
later  than  rectangular  slots. 
Strangely  enough,  drilled  lashing  holes  are  rare  at  Barrow,  although 
they  are  found  on  some  relatively  late  types  of  heads  at  Point  Hope 
to  the  southward,  at  Point  Atkinson  near  the  mouth  of  the  Mackenzie 
(Mathiassen,  1930  a,  pi.  12,  figs.  2,  4;  pi.  i,  figs.  1,2),  and  at  Langton 
Bay — Franklin  Bay  district — to  the  east  of  the  Mackenzie  (Wissler, 
1916,  figs.  22,  23  b).  Wissler  (p.  439)  has  called  attention  to  the 
relationship  between  the  old  harpoon  heads  from  Alaska  and  the 
Central  regions  as  shown  by  this  feature,  pointing  out  that  drilled 
lashing  holes  are  also  found  at  Southampton  Island,  Ponds  Bay,  and 
Smith  Sound.  Now  that  we  know  that  this  feature  was  characteristic 
of  the  Thule  culture  we  have  an  explanation  of  its  occurrence  on 
Southampton  Island  and  at  Smith  Sound,  for  at  these  places  the  Thule 
culture  survived  up  to  modern  times  (Mathiassen,  1927,  vol.  2,  pp. 
163,  167).  Drilled  lashing  holes  are  also  characteristic  of  the  Green- 
land phase  of  the  Thule  culture  (Mathiassen,  1930  b,  pi.  5,  figs.  2-5; 
1934,  pi.  I,  fig.  I  ;  pi.  3,  fig.  3 ;  pi.  8,  figs.  1,2).  Wherever  the  Thule 
culture  has  existed,  therefore,  we  find  that  this  method  of  lashing  has 
been  employed.  On  the  other  hand,  it  was  unknown  in  Alaska  until 
relatively  recent  times,  and  was,  according  to  every  indication,  one  of 
a  considerable  number  of  culture  traits  brought  to  Alaska  by  a  return 
migration  of  Thule  peoples  within  the  past  few  centuries  (Collins, 
1929,  pp.  43,  44;  1935,  p.  463). 
Another  feature,  often  associated  with  drilled  lashing  holes,  and 
apparently  having  the  same  history,  is  the  rivet  hole  at  the  tip  of  the 
harpoon  head   for  liolding  the  blade  in  place.    Rivet  holes  are  not 
