NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF   ST.    LAWRENCE   ISLAND — COLLINS  32I 
In  the  Old  World  toggle  harpoon  heads  are  far  more  widely,  though 
sporadically,  distributed,  being  found  in  northeastern  and  north- 
western Siberia,  northwestern  and  central  Europe.  They  have  also 
extended  down  the  east  Asiatic  littoral  to  the  Kurile  Islands  and 
Japan,  and  it  is  probably  significant  that  in  the  Japanese  examples 
referred  to  above,  from  the  Neolithic,  we  have  the  closest  approach 
to  some  of  the  elaborate  Old  Bering  Sea  forms. 
FORESHAFTS 
The  harpoon  forcshafts  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  period  do  not  dififer 
significantly  from  those  of  the  Punuk,  but  both  are  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  the  modern  type  (pi.  y^)^  ^S-  3)-  All  of  these  fore- 
shafts  are  of  the  movable  variety ;  fixed  foreshafts,  which  are  char- 
acteristic of  the  Thule  culture  and  of  the  modern  Central  and  Eastern 
Eskimo,  were  entirely  lacking  at  Gambell. 
Socket  Pieces 
All  of  the  socket  pieces  belong  to  the  first  type  described  by  Mathias- 
sen,  the  heavy,  solid  type  (1927,  vol.  2,  pp.  33,  34);  but  whereas 
the  Thule  examples  may  have  tangs  which  are  hollow,  pyramid-shaped, 
or  with  two  flanges  (bifurcated),  those  from  St.  Lawrence  are  less 
variable.  The  Old  Bering  Sea  socket  pieces  have  tangs  of  two  kinds, 
conical  or  bifurcated  whereas  those  of  the  Punuk  period  have  wedge- 
shaped  tangs  like  the  modern  Alaskan  examples.  In  the  older  types 
of  socket  pieces  the  upper  end  is  straight;  in  some  of  the  Punuk  and 
modern  examples  (pi.  73,  fig.  7)  and  in  the  dart  foreshaft  shown 
in  plate  33,  figure  26,  the  end  is  enlarged  and  rounded  like  some 
of  the  Thule  pieces   (Mathiassen,  1927,  vol.  i,  pi.  3,  figs.  9,  10). 
Finger  Rests 
The  Old  Bering  Sea  finger  rests  for  the  harpoon  shafts  were  either 
low  with  a  sloping  top  (pi.  32,  figs.  9-12)  or  high  with  a  rounded  end 
and  a  large  circular  hole  for  the  lashing  (pi.  32,  figs.  7,  8).  The  latter 
is  somewhat  similar  to  one  of  the  Punuk  types  (pi.  73,  fig.  14)  ;  the 
other  Punuk  type  (pi.  "/},,  fig.  13)  has  sharply  incurving  sides  and 
resembles  certain  Thule  and  modern  Alaskan  examples  (Mathiassen, 
1927,  vol.  I,  pi.  5,  figs.  1,2;  Nelson,  1899,  pl-  57>  ^  3o)- 
Ice  Picks 
The  Old  Bering  Sea  ice  picks  all  have  a  roughened  conical  tang 
(pi.  T,2,  figs.  1-6)  and  in  general  are  conformable  to  the  Thule  types 
