NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND — COLLINS  323 
resemble  the  old  Birnirk  type  in  general  contour  and  in  the  form 
of  the  grip  (Mason,  1930,  pi.  i). 
Side  prongs  for  bird  darts  (pi.  33,  figs.  1-9;  pi.  74,  figs,  i,  2) 
have  barbs  on  l)oth  the  inner  and  outer  side,  like  those  of  the  Thule 
culture.  The  Old  Bering  Sea  type  is  somewhat  more  rounded  in 
cross-section  than  that  of  the  Punuk. 
Bows  AND  Arrows 
The  Gambell  finds  have  provided  little  information  as  to  the  exact 
nature  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  bow.  Small  bows  of  baleen  were  used 
(pi.  55,  fig.  I ;  pi.  56,  fig.  15),  but  apparently  only  as  toys.  The  larger 
bows  were  of  wood,  but  it  is  not  certain  that  they  were  provided  with 
any  heavy  reinforcement  of  sinew  or  baleen.  Bow  braces  and  sinew 
twisters,  which  are  always  associated  with  the  modern  type  of  sinew- 
backed  bow  in  Alaska,  were  not  found  at  the  Hillside  site  or  in  the 
southeastern  section  of  Miyowagh,  though  they  occurred  in  the  north- 
western section  of  Miyowagh  and  were  common  at  the  later  sites 
(pi.  74,  figs.  16-20).  The  toy  bow  with  heavy  reinforcements  of 
baleen  (pi.  60,  fig.  8),  from  the  early  Punuk  section  of  Miyowagh,  is 
the  earliest  example  of  the  backed  bow  from  Gambell.  The  compound 
wooden  bow  is  characteristic  of  the  Thule  culture,  and  the  presence  of 
sinew  twisters  indicates  that  they  were  reinforced  with  a  sinew  cable 
(Mathiassen,  1927,  vol.  2,  pp.  43.  44). 
The  Punuk  arrowheads,  as  a  group,  are  so  distinct  from  those  of 
the  Old  Bering  Sea  that  we  would  seem  justified  in  regarding  them 
as  later  importations.  The  Old  Bering  Sea  types  (pi.  29,  figs.  6,  7; 
pi.  34,  figs.  1-6)  are  more  or  less  rounded  in  cross-section  and  have 
a  conical  tang  which  is  either  smooth  or  roughened  by  hacking;  the 
characteristic  form  of  barb  is  one  that  is  placed  rather  low,  near 
the  tang,  and  close  to  the  body  with  very  little  flare ;  associated  With 
this  type  of  barb  is  a  wide  slit  for  an  end  blade.  The  Punuk  arrow- 
heads, on  the  other  hand  (pi.  74,  figs.  6-10)  are  for  the  most  part 
triangular  in  cross-section,  in  this  respect  resembling  some  of  the 
modern  St.  Lawrence  and  Chukchee  forms  (Nelson,  pi.  61  a,  figs. 
I,  2;  Bogoras,  1904-09.  fig.  74,  d;  Oukhtomsky,  1912,  fig.  6,  e,  g). 
Most  of  them  have  a  single  prominent  barb ;  others  have  two  or  more 
barbs,  and  still  others  none.  The  tangs  are  either  plain  and  conical, 
like  the  earlier  type,  or  have  a  shoulder  (pi.  74,  figs.  6,  8,  14).  Only 
one  of  the  large  number  of  Punuk  arrowheads  had  a  blade  slit. 
Turning  to  the  arrowheads  collected  by  Stefansson  at  old  sites  on 
the  Arctic  coast  (Wissler,   1916),  it  seems  that  none  of  these  were 
