NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  353 
none  of  them  have  any  suggestion  of  a  human  form ;  neither  do  the\- 
have  flanges  of  the  modern  Alaskan  ty^^e  nor  "  wings  "  of  the  older 
Point  Barrow  type,  although  one  of  them  (pi.  17,  fig.  5)  has  the  same 
general  outline  as  an  old  specimen  from  Barrow  (Mason,  1930,  pi. 
4,  fig.  8).  The  most  common  Old  Bering  Sea  type  is  a  rounded  or 
somewhat  flattened  tube.  Two  of  them  (pi,  17,  figs.  4,  8)  are  orna- 
mented with  pairs  of  the  characteristic  Old  Bering  Sea  "  animal 
lieads  ",  and  in  figure  8  these  have  an  appearance  somewhat  sugges- 
tive of  "  wings."  Plate  17,  figure  9,  with  a  surface  ornamentation 
which  embodies  certain  Punuk  features,  has  the  upper  end  somewhat 
Hanged  and  the  sides  expanded  into  small  "  wings."  It  would  appear, 
therefore,  that  in  the  variable  forms  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  needle 
cases  we  have  the  first  faint  beginnings  of  the  "  flanges  "  and  "  wings  " 
which  later  became  more  and  more  pronounced  in  the  north,  resulting 
finally  in  the  standardized  flanged  type  of  western  and  northern 
Alaska  and  the  winged  type  of  the  Central  regions.  The  needle  cases 
of  southwest  Alaska,  on  the  other  hand,  have  retained  the  more  primi- 
tive tubular  form  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  culture. 
The  Punuk  specimens  (pi.  65,  figs,  i,  2)  are  characterized  by  an 
enlarged  upper  end  which  is  distinctly  reminiscent  of  the  modern 
Alaskan  "  flange  ",  even  though  it  lacks  the  conventional  fluting  and 
decoration  of  the  latter.  Plate  65,  figure  2,  has,  in  addition,  very  dis- 
tinct "  wings  "  somewhat  below  the  center  so  that  on  the  whole  it 
is  quite  conformable  to  the  two  old  Barrow  specimens  figured  by 
Mathiassen  (1927,  vol.  2,  p.  95).  We  would  be  justified  in  assuming, 
therefore,  that  these  Punuk  and  Barrow  specimens,  combining  as  they 
do  both  the  "  flange  "  and  "  wing  "  concept,  represent  the  immediate 
prototype  of  both  the  flanged  Alaskan  needle  case  and  the  winged  form 
of  the  east;  and  that  Boas  was  therefore  correct  in  considering  that 
the  diminutive  knobs  on  the  Alaskan  specimens  were  homologous  to 
the  enlarged  wings  of  the  eastern  specimens.  Now  that  we  have  these 
older  Alaskan  specimens,  we  can  see  that  the  little  knobs  below  the 
flanges  on  the  modern  Alaskan  cases  are  survivals  of  the  small  wings, 
which  in  one  instance  at  least  (pi.  65,  fig.  2)  are  themselves  hardly 
more  than  knobs ;  and  that  the  flanges  are  merely  a  later  form  of  the 
expanded  upper  end  to  which  in  the  course  of  time  decorative  treat- 
ment of  a  conventional  nature  has  been  applied.  In  Alaska,  therefore, 
the  later  emphasis  has  been  upon  the  enlarged  upper  end  which  has 
been  retained  and  elaborated  while  the  small  "  wings  "  have  been 
reduced  to  nothing  more  than  vestigial  knobs.  In  the  east,  it  is  the 
wings  that  have  been  selected  for  special  treatment,  as  a  result  of 
which  there  has  appeared  finally  the  exaggerated  modern  form  ;  the 
