NO.    I  ARCHE()L()<;^■    OF    ST.    LAWKKXC  E    ISLAND— COLIJ  N  S  359 
Drum  handles  (pi.  81,  figs.  2-6) 
Combs   (pi.  81,  figs.  7-10) 
Ivorj'  objects   (pi.  82,  figs.  19,  20) 
Ivory  ear  ornament   (pi.  82,  fig.  18) 
Drill  cord  handles   (?)    (pi.  82,  figs.  25,  26) 
Western  Eskimo  elements  like  those  of  the  Punuk  culture : 
Ivory  mouthpieces  for  floats   (pi.  JT),  figs.   10-12) 
Ivory  finger  rests  for  harpoon  shafts  (pi.  Ti,  fig.  13) 
Ivory  mouthpiece   (pi.  73,  fig.  15) 
Bone  braces  for  sinew-backed  bow  (pi.  74,  figs.  16-18) 
Sinew  twisters  for  sinew  backed  bow   (])1.  74,  figs,   ifj,  20) 
Compound  fish  hook  (pi.  75,  figs.  4-9)   .St.   Lawrence  Island  only 
Fish  hook  in  one  piece  (pi.  75,  fig.  10)  St.  Lawrence  Island  only 
Bola  weights   (pi.  76,  figs.  1-19) 
Plates  of  bone  armor  (pi.  76,  figs.  20-24) 
Heavy  ivory  sledge  runners  (pi.  "jy ,  figs.  6-8) 
Adz  head  (pi.  78,  fig.  19) 
Harpoon  rest  for  umiak  (pi.  79,  fig.  10) 
Stone  sinker  for  tom  cod  net  (pi.  80,  fig.  4) 
Ear  ornaments  with  insets  of  pyrites    (pi.  82,  fig.  16) 
Thimble  guard   (pi.  82,  fig.  23) 
Harpoon  or  dart  rest  for  kayak  (pi.  82,  fig.  36) 
Drill  mouthpieces   (pi.  82,  figs.  37-40) 
Analysis  of  the  material  excavated  at  Gambell  shows  that  the  Old 
ISering  Sea  culture  is  essentially  an  Eskimo  culture,  and  in  certain 
respects  a  more  highly  specialized  Eskimo  culture  than  any  existing 
today.  The  great  number  and  variety  of  harpoon  heads  alone,  their 
compjicated  forms  and  their  artistic  embellishment,  show  the  important 
role  that  the  hunting  of  sea  mammals — seals  and  walrus — held  in  the 
culture  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  Eskimos.  Whaling,  however,  seems 
not  to  have  been  practiced  ;  at  any  rate  no  whaling  harpoon  heads  or 
foreshafts  of  definite  Old  Bering  Sea  age  have  been  found,  thotigh 
the  former  are  common  enough  in  the  Punuk  and  modern  de]:)osits. 
The  picture  that  we  obtain  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  culture  is  that  of 
a  highly  developed  maritime  culture  which  possessed  the  umiak,  kayak, 
hari)oon,  and  float,  the  throwing  board  and  I)ird  dart,  bow,  small  hand- 
drawn  sledge,  and  many  other  elements  suitable  to  a  settled  life  along 
the  coasts.  The  most  outstanding  characteristic  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea 
culture  is  its  elaborate  and  sophisticated  art  style.  Many  implements 
such  as  knife  handles,  fat  scrapers,  harpoon  socket  pieces,  and  adz 
handles,  which  in  other  parts  of  the  Eskimo  territory  are  left  per- 
fectly plain,  are  here  elaborately  carved  and  ornamented.  But  however 
exotic  Old  Bering  Sea  art  may  appear,  analysis  shows  it  to  have  con- 
tained the  basic  elements  of  modern  northern  Eskimo  art,  to  which 
