NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  3/5 
into  account  the  special  forms  of  the  two  southern  cultures  which  give 
them  their  individual  stamp  and  which  for  the  most  part  also  show 
their  close  relationship  to  the  general  pattern  of  culture  prevailing  in 
the  North  Pacific  region.  Of  elements  of  this  nature  in  the  Kachemak 
Bay  culture  we  observe  the  following :  Dismembered  burials ;  burial 
on  top  of  refuge  island ;  wooden  masks  for  the  dead ;  trophy  heads ; 
artificial  eyes  on  trophy  skulls ;  utilized  human  bones ;  notched  and 
grooved  stones  in  large  numbers  ;  the  splitting  adze ;  pestles ;  grinding 
slabs  and  stones;  slate  "awls";  stone  clubs;  stone  saws;  elaborate 
stone  lamps  of  special  form ;  slate  ulus  or  scrapers  with  chipped  edge ; 
slate  and  shale  mirrors ;  beds  or  grooves  on  dart  heads  for  the  blade ; 
dart  heads  with  wide,  flattened  tangs;  harpoon  socket  piece  in  two 
parts ;  f  oreshaf  ts  with  wide  flattened  tangs ;  compound  fish  hooks, 
with  bone  barbs  ;  cut  animal  bones — articulations  ;  labrets  ;  fish  vertebra 
rings ;  nose  pins. 
These  elements,  which  are  so  characteristic  of  the  culture  at  Cook 
Inlet  and  for  the  most  part  of  south  Alaska  generally,  are  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  grooved  stones,  fish  hooks  and  the  labret  (which 
first  appears  at  the  Thule  stage  at  Wales — Jenness,  1928  a,  p.  75)  all 
foreign  to  northern  Eskimo  culture.  With  the  latter  region  there  has 
evidently  been  a  basic,  early  relationship,  but  the  development  of  south 
Alaskan  culture  has  been  virtually  independent  of  influences  from  the 
northward.  On  the  other  hand  there  is  unmistakable  evidence  of 
cultural  relationship  between  south  Alaska  and  a  fairly  restricted  area 
along  the  east  Asiatic  coast. 
DeLaguna  lists  a  number  of  Kachemak  Bay  types  which  are  found 
in  Kamchatka  and  in  Neolithic  Japan.  In  Kamchatka,  in  addition  to 
some  of  the  more  widespread  types  like  stone  blades,  dart  points,  etc. 
are  found  the  following  typical  Kachemak  Bay  elements :  refuge 
island ;  notched  and  grooved  stones ;  stone  with  hole ;  grinding  stone 
and  slab ;  oval  stone  lamp ;  lamp  with  ring ;  labret ;  large  bone  arrow- 
head with  blade  but  no  barbs.  In  Japan  there  is  a  larger  number  of 
the  simple,  more  widespread  types,  and  fewer  of  the  special  Kachemak 
Bay  types.  Among  the  latter  are  notched  and  grooved  stones,  large 
arrowhead  with  blade  but  no  barbs,  and  broken  and  cut  human 
bones.  As  to  the  possible  significance  of  these  Asiatic  resemblances, 
de  Laguna  (1934,  p.  218)  remarks:  "The  hunter's  lamp  with  ring 
and  the  roof  entrance  to  the  house  show  a  cultural  relationship  between 
the  Aleutian  Islands  and  Kamchatka ;  while  at  Port  MoUer,  and  no- 
where else  in  Alaska,  is  found  the  Japanese  type  of  harpoon  head 
[toggle  harpoon  head  with  closed  socket  and  line  hole  in  plane  of 
the  split]." 
