10  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
MOVEMENT  OF  TRIBES  INDICATED  BY  NAMES  ON  THE 
AUGUSTINE  HERRMAN   MAP,  1673 
The  history  of  the  Indians  of  the  Rappahannock  valley  during 
the  years  from  1650  to  1670  would  undoubtedly  reveal  a  movement 
and  shifting  of  many  tribes  from  the  localities  in  which  they  were 
encountered  in  1608  and  prove  that  others  from  a  distance  had  entered 
the  region. 
Although  no  references  to  the  actual  migration  of  native  tribes 
from  Maryland  across  the  Potomac  to  Virginia  have  been  discovered, 
it  is  evident  that  soon  after  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century 
such  movements  did  occur  and  that  tribes  or  parts  of  tribes  crossed 
to  the  right  bank  of  the  stream  and  thence  continued  to  the  Rappa- 
hannock, where  they  established  new  homes.  This  alone  would 
explain  the  occurrence  of  certain  names  on  the  Herrman  map,  which 
was  issued  in  1673.  A  section  of  the  map,  representing  that  part  of 
the  Rappahannock  valley  now  being  considered,  is  reproduced  in 
figure  2.  The  names  that  were  recorded  on  that  part  of  the  river  in 
1608  have  disappeared  and  have  been  replaced  by  some  that  were  at 
that  time  applied  to  villages  beyond  the  left  bank  of  the  Potomac. 
The  official  records  of  Maryland  are  replete  with  references  to  the 
native  tribes  with  whom  the  settlers  came  in  contact.  Many  lived 
within  the  Province,  others  came  from  beyond  the  bounds.  Brief 
quotations  from  the  records  will  make  clear  the  causes  which  are 
thought  to  have  led,  ultimately,  to  the  removal  of  many  tribes  from 
their  earlier  habitat.  But  such  movements  had  continued  through  the 
centuries. 
On  March  24,  1652,  just  20  years  after  Cecil,  Lord  Baltimore, 
had  received  from  Charles  I  the  charter  for  Maryland,  it  was  stated 
that : '°  "  Whereas  there  is  Great  Suspicion  that  the  Indians  intend 
Some  Mischeife  to  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Province  ",  for  which 
reason  Thomas  Gerrard  was  ordered  to  raise  a  sufficient  force  and 
"  repaire  to  Portoback  or  Choptico  and  (if  he  think  fitt)  either  dis- 
arme  or  Secure  the  persons  of  any  of  the  Said  Indians  till  Exami- 
nacon  had  touching  the  premisses  or  further  Order." 
Later  in  the  same  year  a  document  of  importance  was  recorded, 
being :  "  Articles  of  Peace  and  f reindshipp  treated  and  agreed  upon 
the  5th  day  of  July  1652  Betweene  the  English  Nation  in  the  Province 
of  Maryland  on  the  one  party.  And  the  Indian  Nation  of  Sasquesah- 
anogh  on  the  other  partie  ..."    But  this  was  not  concluded  for 
'■*  Archives  of  Maryland.   Proceedings  of  the  Council  of  Maryland,  16:^6-1667. 
Maryland  Hist.  Soc,  BaUimore,  1885. 
