NO.    4      INDIAN    SITES    ON    THE    RAPPAHANNOCK — BUSHNELL 
37 
tazvomek;  over  all  those  rivers,  and  backe  againe  by  divers  other  severall 
Nations,  to  the  Kings  habitation  at  Pamawikcc:  where  they  entertained  him 
with  most  strange  and  fearefuli  Conjurations. 
This  was  before  the  exploration  of  the  Rappahannock  by  the  colon- 
ists during  the  summer  of  1608  and  may  explain  the  presence  of 
certain  names  on  the  map  issued  in  1624. 
Traces  of  a  very  extensive  settlement,  a  site  that  had  been  long 
frequented  or  often  occupied,  have  been  encountered  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  Port  Tobago  Bay,  where  much  material,  including  frag- 
mentary pottery,  is  to  be  found  scattered  over  the  surface  of  a  wide 
area  extending  eastward  to  the  marsh  bordering  Green  Bay.  This 
was  the  site  of  ancient  Nandtanghtacund,  later  occupied  by  the  Porto- 
BiG.  5. — Map  indicating  position  of  Nandtanghtacund,  later  Portobago  village. 
The  area  included  within  the  dotted  lines  is  shown  in  the  aerial  photograph, 
plate  10. 
bacco,  which  is  so  clearly  shown  in  the  aerial  photograph  reproduced 
in  plate  10,  and  indicated  on  the  map,  figure  5. 
Nandtanghtacund  was  a  settlement  of  importance  during  the  days 
of  Indian  occupancy  of  the  valley,  but  as  it  lay  far  beyond  the  frontier 
of  the  colony  until  after  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  it  may 
have  been  seldom  visited  by  the  English  before  the  native  population 
had  become  greatly  changed  from  what  it  was  in  1608,  at  which  time 
Smith  referred  to  "  Nantaughtacund  having  150  men",  indicating  a 
total  population  of  approximately  700. 
In  October  1669  "  An  act  fifor  destroying  Wolves  "  became  neces- 
sary in  the  colony.   This  read  in  part : ''  "  //  is  enacted  that  the  Indian 
"  Hening,  op.  cit.,  vol.  2,  p.  275. 
