38  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
tributaries  be  enjoyned  and  assessed  to  bring  in  a  certaine  number 
annually  ",  and  in  the  list  that  followed,  in  Rapahanock  County,  were 
first  the  Portobaccoes  having  60  "  Bowmen  or  hunters  ",  who  were 
assessed  12  heads;  and  secondly  the  Nanzcattico  and  Mattehatique 
who  together  had  50  men  and  were  assessed  10  heads.  The  Porto- 
baccoes are  assumed  to  have  occupied  the  site  of  ancient  Nandtangh- 
tacund,  with  the  Nanzcattico  living  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 
The  position  of  the  Portobacco  village  is  shown  on  the  Herrman  map, 
issued  in  1673,  a  detail  of  which  is  reproduced  in  figure  2. 
Rappahannock  County  was  created  in  1656,  at  which  time  it  ex- 
tended on  both  banks  of  the  river,  but  in  the  year  1692  it  was  divided, 
and  that  portion  that  stood  on  the  right  bank  became  Essex  County 
and  that  on  the  north,  or  left,  bank,  Richmond  County.  Caroline 
County  was  formed  in  1728  and  included  part  of  Essex  County. 
Tobago  or  Tobacco  Creek,  from  the  southwest  shore  of  Green  Bay, 
became  the  boundary  between  Essex  County  on  the  east  and  Caroline 
County  on  the  west;  consequently  the  greater  part  of  the  site  now 
being  considered  is  just  within  Caroline  County. 
Another  reference  to  the  villages  is  found  in  a  document  that 
was  prepared  about  30  years  after  the  appearance  of  the  Herrman 
map.  It  occurs  in  a  communication  to  the  Board  of  Trade  in  London, 
dated  Williamsburg,  Virginia,  July  18,  1702."  The  principal  rivers 
of  the  colony  are  mentioned,  together  with  the  names  of  the  Indian 
tribes  whose  villages  stood  on  their  banks.  Following  Rappahannock 
River:  "Indians  and  No.  of. — Portobago  or  Nanzattico,  30  [men]  ; 
Wicocomoco."  Thus  at  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century  the 
remaining  Portobago  and  Nanzattico  were  considered  as  one,  and 
they  probably  occupied  a  single  village. 
Jefferson,  in  his  references  to  the  native  tribes  of  Virginia,"  in- 
cluded the  Nantaughtacunds — thus  following  the  spelling  found  in 
Smith's  text — whose  chief  town  had  in  1608,  so  he  believed,  stood 
on  Port  Tobacco  Creek  in  Essex  and  Caroline  Counties.  In  this 
Jefferson  clearly  identified  the  ancient  site  with  the  association  of  the 
two  names. 
Being  able  to  trace  the  settlement  from  the  earliest  days  of  the 
Colony,  when  primitive  ways  of  life  prevailed,  it  is  gratifying  to 
present  a  brief  description  of  the  village  as  it  was  in  the  year  1686, 
soon  after  contact  with  the  English  had  caused  many  changes  in  the 
** In  The  Virginia  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  vol.  i,  no.  4,  p.  363. 
Virginia  Hist.  Soc,  Richmond,  1894. 
*'"  Jefferson,  Thomas,  Notes  on  the  State  of  Virginia,  Philadelphia,  1788. 
