NO.    4      INDIAN    SITES    ON    THE    RAPPAHANNOCK — BUSHNELL  43 
Specimen  e.  Grooved  axe,  found  on  area  B,  near  Port  Tobago 
Creek.   Fractured,  but  the  edges  were  later  worn  smooth  by  use. 
Specimen  /.  Hammerstone ;  a  natural  quartzite  pebble  with  ends 
battered,  showing  evidence  of  use. 
Plaie  12. — Specimen  at  top  is  an  unfinished  banner  stone  of  excel- 
lent workmanship.  The  surface,  now  greatly  weathered,  had  been 
partly  polished,  and  the  perforation  had  been  started.  Material,  a 
very  hard  greenish  hornblende  gneiss.  Found  on  the  surface  near 
Port  Tobago  Creek. 
The  small  white  quartz  objects  shown  in  the  plate  include  several 
characteristic  forms,  but  the  beautifully  chipped  specimen  in  the 
middle  of  the  top  row  is  unusual.  It  was  found  near  the  left  bank  of 
Port  Tobago  Creek,  and  within  a  short  distance  a  similar  specimen 
of  the  same  size,  made  of  a  dark  crystalline  rock,  was  discovered. 
A  massive  mortar,  found  on  the  surface  near  the  shore  of  Port 
Tobago  Bay,  is  shown  at  the  bottom  of  the  plate.  Material,  a  dark, 
reddish  brown  coarse  sandstone.  It  is  between  4  and  5  inches  in 
thickness  and  about  12  inches  in  length. 
Twenty-seven  fragments  of  earthenware  are  illustrated  in  plate  13, 
of  which  number  22  were  discovered  near  the  shore  of  Port  Tobago 
Bay,  many  being  found  along  the  face  of  the  bank  that  rises  from 
5  to  7  feet  above  the  gravelly  beach.  The  remaining  5  pieces,  includ- 
ing the  first,  third,  and  fifth  from  the  left  in  the  top  row,  and 
specimens  c  and  g,  were  found  on  the  surface  near  the  left  bank  of 
Port  Tobago  Creek,  the  area  designated  B  on  the  map  (fig.  5). 
It  is  evident  that  the  shoreline  of  the  bay  has  changed  during  the 
two  and  one-half  centuries  that  have  elapsed  since  the  site  was  visited 
by  Durand.  The  waters  of  the  bay  have  encroached  upon  the  land 
then  occupied  by  the  village,  and  consequently  the  ground  that  now 
forms  the  shore  may,  in  1686,  have  been  far  back  from  the  water. 
Numerous  pieces  of  pottery,  stone  implements,  and  other  objects 
of  Indian  origin,  have  been  found  in  the  water  some  distance  from 
the  bank,  and  it  is  within  reason  to  think  that  similar  material  occurs 
farther  out,  in  deeper  water,  where  it  had  been  deposited  when  the 
soil  was  washed  away.  Therefore  the  22  specimens  shown  in  plate  13 
came  from  a  part  of  the  settlement  that  had  been  many  feet  from 
the  shore.  The  surface  extending  to  the  edge  of  the  bank  has  been 
cultivated  for  generations,  which  readily  explains  the  fragmentary 
condition  of  the  pottery.  The  larger  pieces,  however,  were  found  on 
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