6o  smithsonian  miscellaneous  collections        vol.  96 
Opposite  the  Mouth  of  Hough  Creek 
Hough  Creek  enters  the  left  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  about 
I  mile  above  Dogue  Run.  The  Indian  name  of  the  creek  is  not  known. 
The  mouth  of  the  creek,  bordered  by  brush  and  timber,  is  visible  in 
the  aerial  photograph,  plate  i8,  figure  i,  to  the  left  of  the  black  arrow 
which  points  with  the  direction  of  the  current.  On  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river,  to  the  right  of  the  arrow,  is  the  site  of  an  ancient  settle- 
ment which  appears  to  have  been  abandoned  before  the  coming  of 
the  English  in  1608.  No  village  is  indicated  in  this  locality  on  the 
1624  map.  The  extent  of  the  occupied  area  has  not  been  determined. 
It  was  probably  a  permanent  village  as  distinguished  from  a  tempor- 
ary camping  ground.  The  land  is  comparatively  low  and  during  the 
freshet  of  April  1937  was  under  several  feet  of  water. 
The  material  discovered  on  the  site  includes  many  projectile  points 
and  several  types  of  small  chipped  objects,  the  majority  of  which  are 
made  of  white  quartz  ;  consequently,  it  is  impossible  to  determine  the 
relative  age  of  a  specimen  by  the  condition  of  its  surface.  But  other 
pieces  formed  of  diabasic  rock  and  a  very  fine-grain  quartzite  have 
become  greatly  altered  and  in  this  respect  resemble  the  two  axes 
found  a  short  distance  above  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  shown 
in  plate  21.  A  few  bits  of  pottery  that  bear  the  impression  of  bas- 
ketry, and  several  fragments  of  soapstone  vessels  found  near  the  river 
bank,  likewise  suggest  an  early  period  of  occupancy. 
Cuttatawomen 
The  position  of  the  village  of  Cuttatawomen,  standing  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rappahannock,  is  indicated  on  the  1624  map  by  a  sketch 
of  one  of  the  "  Kings  howses,"  proving  it  to  have  been  the  home  of 
a  chief.  However,  in  1608  it  was  not  a  large  settlement,  as  it  was 
then  described  as  having  but  20  bowmen.  Mooney  was  of  the  belief 
that  the  ancient  village  stood  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  Lamb  Creek. 
Traces  of  a  native  settlement  have  been  discovered  at  the  junction 
of  the  creek  and  the  Rappahannock  and  may  indicate  the  location  of 
Cuttatawomen.  This  beautiful  site,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  just 
above  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  is  shown  in  aerial  photographs  repro- 
duced in  plate  19. 
The  land  has  been  cleared  and  cultivated  for  many  years,  much  of 
it  for  two  centuries  or  more,  before  which  it  had  been  occupied  by 
native  settlements  with  small  clearings  for  gardens  and  cornfields. 
It  is  known  that  during  past  years  large  collections  of  stone  imple- 
ments and  numerous  artifacts  of  various  forms  have  been  recovered 
