NO.    4      INDIAN    SITES    ON    THE    RAPPAHANNOCK BUSHNELL  6l 
from  the  surface  of  the  site.  Some  may  even  now  be  found,  and 
specimens  discovered  during  recent  visits  are  illustrated  in  plate  20. 
All  were  collected  in  the  fields  bordering  the  left  bank  of  the  river, 
rising  20  feet  or  more  above  the  water,  extending  to  the  vicinity  of 
the  old  wharf  which  is  visible  in  the  lower  of  the  two  photographs 
(pi.  19). 
The  pottery  found  on  the  site  has  been  reduced  to  small  fragments ; 
characteristic  shards  are  shown  in  plate  20.  Many  of  the  fragments 
are  believed  to  be  ware  that  belonged  to  an  early  period  of  occupancy, 
preceding  that  of  the  historic  villages  of  1608.  The  impressions  on 
the  surface  of  some  pieces  appear  to  have  been  made  by  rigid  bas- 
ketry which  had  been  used  in  shaping  the  vessels.  Crushed  shell  had 
evidently  served  for  a  tempering  material.  No  example  of  net-marked 
ware,  so  plentiful  at  Pissaseck  and  elsewhere,  was  found  on  this  site. 
The  two  specimens  shown  below  the  pottery  are  made  of  diabase. 
To  the  left  is  a  knife  or  scraper,  formed  of  a  flake  struck  from  a 
pebble  and  revealing  secondary  chipping.  To  the  right  is  a  well-made 
celt  with  a  sharp  cutting  edge.    The  surface  is  slightly  altered. 
All  pieces  illustrated  in  the  lower  half  of  the  plate  are  made  of 
white  quartz.  The  beautiful  triangular  points  are  of  special  interest, 
as  few  specimens  have  been  found  on  other  sites,  a  single  example 
having  been  discovered  at  Pissaseck.  At  the  bottom  are  six  roughly 
formed  scrapers  or  implements  that  had  been  used  for  different  pur- 
poses, representing  several  types,  all  of  which  bear  evidence  of 
much  use. 
A  short  way  above  its  junction  with  the  Rappahannock,  Lamb 
Creek  makes  a  sharp  bend  to  the  left  (pi.  19,  lower  figure).  This 
is  caused  by  a  narrow  tongue  of  land  sloping  down  from  the  high 
ground,  which  rises  some  20  feet  above  the  water.  The  sloping  ridge 
is  covered  with  trees  and  brush.  A  large  tree,  standing  separate  and 
apart  from  others  and  with  a  very  light  spot  on  the  ground  to  the 
left  of  it,  at  the  edge  of  the  cultivated  land,  may  readily  be  dis- 
tinguished in  the  photograph.  This  large  tree  is  growing  from  an 
embankment  and  ditch  which  may  be  traced  from  the  foot  of  the  high 
ground  at  the  beginning  of  the  marsh  bordering  the  river,  over  the 
ridge  and  down  to  near  the  edge  of  the  marsh  through  which  the 
creek  flows.  The  embankment  and  ditch  follow  a  straight  course. 
As  viewed  in  the  photograph,  the  embankment  is  on  the  far  side, 
facing  the  level,  cultivated  fields.  The  best-preserved  section  is  near 
the  large  tree,  on  the  highest  part  of  the  ground,  where  the  embank- 
ment is  approximately  18  inches  in  height  and  the  ditch  about  the 
same  in  depth. 
