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SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.   96 
generally  produced  in  a  pair  of  soft  lateral  folds  or  rounded  lobes  (h), 
and  associated  with  these  structures  is  usually  a  pair  of  sclerotic  bars 
or  plates  (i),  the  ends  of  which  may  project  as  free  processes.  The 
anatomical  relations  of  the  various  parts  of  the  phallus  in  the  ordinary 
retracted  state  are  best  seen  in  a  median  longitudinal  section  (D), 
from  which  it  becomes  evident  that  the  entire  organ  is  merely  an 
outgrowth  from  the  genital  chamber  wall  (x-x),  enclosing  a  large 
endophallic  cavity  {Enph),  into  which  opens  the  ejaculatory  duct 
{Dcj).    Disregarding  the  modification  of  the  dorsal  lobe,  therefore, 
Fig.  23. — TeUigonioidea-Tettigoniidae :  external  male  genitalia  of  Conocepha- 
his  fasciatus  (Degeer). 
A,  nymph,  9  mm  long,  end  of  abdomen,  ventral  view.  B,  C,  same,  phallus  in 
dorsal  and  ventro-posterior  views.  D,  nymph,  11  mm  long,  end  of  abdomen. 
E,  F,  same,  phallus  in  posterior  and  ventral  views.  G,  nymph,  14  mm  long, 
phallus,  dorsal  view.     H,  adult,  phallus,  posterior  view. 
For  letter  explanation,  see  fig.  22. 
the  essential  structure  of  the  phallus  may  be  expressed  as  in  the 
diagram  at  A,  or  in  section  as  at  B.  This  simplified  concept  of  the  adult 
phallic  structure  is  the  actual  structure  of  the  organ  in  late  nymphal 
stages  of  its  development  (fig.  23  E,  G). 
The  male  organs  of  the  Tettigoniidae  have  been  well  described  by 
Walker  (1922),  though  in  terms  somewhat  different  from  those  used 
here  because  based  on  a  different  idea  concerning  the  origin  and  evo- 
lution of  the  phallus.  The  paired  processes  or  armature  of  the  dorsal 
phallic  lobe  Walker  calls  the  "  parameres  ",  the  dorsal  cavity  the 
"  paramere  sac  ",  and  the  endophallic  cavity  the  "  spermatophore  sac." 
