80  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    g6 
phallic  structure,  and  is  entirely  an  adaptation  of  the  latter  to  the 
formation  of  the  gryllid  type  of  spermatophore  and  the  insertion  of 
the  tip  of  the  spermatophore  duct  into  the  spermathecal  aperture  of 
the  female.  The  gryllid  spermatophore  (fig.  32  F)  contains  a  single, 
large  sperm  capsule  (d),  and  has  a  long,  slender  duct  (dct),  at  the 
base  of  which  is  usually  an  irregular  plate  (3')  for  attachment  in  the 
genital  chamber  of  the  female.  A  more  generalized  condition  of  the 
phallic  structure  is  found  in  Grylhis  and  GryUodes,  the  opposite 
extreme  occurs  in  Ncmohhis.  The  nymphal  development  of  the  genital 
organs  shows  that  the  phallus  of  the  crickets  is  formed  from  the  usual 
dorsal  and  ventral  phallic  lobes  only,  lateral  lobes  being  absent,  and 
that  the  principal  modifications  pertain  to  the  dorsal  lobe,  on  which  an 
epiphallic  sclerotization  is  highly  developed.  The  dorsal  cavity  (fig. 
32  E,  dc)  is  entirely  concealed  beneath  the  posteriorly  extended 
epiphallic  region  (<?),  and  the  ventral  endophallic  cavity  (Enph)  is 
enclosed  by  the  ventral  lobe  (v!) ,  which,  in  Gryllns  and  GryUodes,  is 
subdivided  into  two  large  lateral  valves.  The  spermatophore  and  its 
duct  are  molded  in  the  two  cavities  of  the  phallus  (G). 
The  phallus  of  Gryllus  assimUis  (fig.  32  B)  presents  externally 
a  large  dorsal  lobe  {dl)  capped  by  the  epiphallus  {e),  and  a  soft 
ventral  lobe  (B,  C,  zd)  divided  into  two  valvelike  lateral  flaps,  the 
form  and  size  of  which  may  be  quite  different  in  different  specimens 
according  to  the  state  of  expansion  or  the  presence  or  absence  of  a 
spermatophore.  The  sclerotic  epiphallus  is  produced  into  a  broad, 
recurved  median  lobe  (B,  C,  q),  and  two  lateral  lobes  each  sub- 
divided into  two  points  {r,  s).  From  the  dorsal  epiphaUic  plate  (B,  e) 
a  long  arm  (/?)  extends  downward  on  each  side  in  the  base  of  the 
phallus.  Beneath  the  epiphallus  is  the  entrance  to  the  dorsal  cavity 
(B,  C,  dc),  which  latter  extends  forward  as  a  large,  thin-walled 
pouch  (B,  E,  k).  The  ventral  lip  of  the  pouch  (E,  g)  lies  far  anterior 
to  the  epiphallic  extension  of  the  dorsal  lobe,  but  its  position  in 
Gryllus  is  relatively  the  same  as  in  Ceuthophilus  (fig.  30  D,  g). 
Gryllns  thus  differs  from  Ceuthophilus  in  the  greater  development  of 
the  epiphallus,  and  in  the  enlargement  of  the  pouchlike  dorsal  phallic 
cavity;  but  it  should  be  noted  also  that  in  Gryllus  (as  in  all  members 
of  the  Gryllidae)  there  are  no  eversible  lobes  or  other  armature  arising 
from  the  floor  of  the  dorsal  cavity  corresponding  with  the  structures 
here  located  in  Tettigoniidae  and  Rhaphidophorinae  (fig.  22  D,  F,  h,  i) . 
The  endophallic  cavity  of  Gryllus  (fig.  32  E,  Enph)  is  enclosed  by 
the  proximal  part  of  the  ventral  lobe  of  the  phallus  (vl),  and  is 
directly  continuous  with  the  wide  terminus  of  the  ejaculatory  duct 
(Dej).  The  floor  of  the  genital  chamber  beneath  the  phallus  is 
inflected  to  form  a  large  median  pouch  (s). 
