NO.    5      MALE  GENITALIA  OF  ORTHOPTEROID  INSECTS — SNODGRASS      lOI 
beginning  as  the  simpler  organ  of  Tettigoniidae,  except  that  at  first 
there  are  only  two  phallic  lobes  instead  of  six  as  in  Conocephalus 
(fig.  23  B,  C).  Since  a  ventral  lobe  soon  appears,  however,  the  phallic 
rudiments  of  the  acridids  might  be  more  directly  likened  to  the  latero- 
dorsal  nymphal  phallomeres  of  Blattinae  (figs.  12  E,  15  B).  Lateral 
lobes,  such  as  are  characteristic  of  the  Tettigoniidae,  are  absent  in 
Blattidae,  Gryllidae,  and  Acrididae. 
The  central  depression  in  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  phallic  base  of 
McJauol>lus  (fig.  42  H,  I,  c)  suggests  the  dorsal  cavity  of  the  tetti- 
gonioid  phallus  (fig.  22  C,  dc),  particularly  as  it  appears  in  the 
nymphal  development  (fig.  31  F,  G,  dc).  The  acridid  epiphallus, 
furthermore,  is  developed  from  the  dorsal  wall  of  the  phallus  anterior 
to  the  median  depression  (fig.  42  D,  H,  I,  Epph),  and  the  so-called 
epiphallus  of  the  Rhaphidophorinae  and  Tettigoniidae  is  a  sclerotiza- 
tion  of  the  posteriorly  produced  anterior  margin  of  the  dorsal  cavity 
(fig.  22  C,  D,  F,  e).  The  large  inner  cavity  of  the  acridid  phallus 
appears  to  be  formed  as  a  direct  endophallic  invagination,  but  its 
strong  musculature  might  be  taken  as  evidence  that  most  of  its  lumen 
represents  the  dorsal  phallic  cavity  of  Grylhis  or  Gryllodes  (figs.  32  E, 
35  H,  k).  In  the  absence  of  conclusive  evidence  on  homologies 
between  the  mature  phallic  organs  of  dryllidae  and  Acrididae,  we  may 
regard  the  acridid  phallus  as  an  independent  line  of  development  from 
phallic  rudiments  such  as  are  common  to  the  nymphal  stages  of  all 
the  Orthoptera. 
REFERENCES 
Badonnel,  a. 
1934.    Recherches  sur  I'anatomie  des  Psoques.    Bull.  Biol.  France  et  Bel- 
gique,  Suppl.  18,  241  pp.,  80  figs. 
Baumgartner,  W.  J. 
191 1.    Observations  on  the  Gryllidae.    I^^    Copulation.    Kansas  Univ.   .Sci. 
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Binet,  L. 
1931.    La  vie  de  la  niante  rcligieuse,  92  pp..  5  figs.    Paris. 
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1913.    t)ber   die    Begattung   und   die    Spcrniatophoren   bei    Locustodea    und 
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