NO. 7 INDIAN OCCUPANCY IN VIRGINIA — BUSHNELL 1/ 



Plate 6. — All the objects shown on this plate are made of white 

 quartz, which is found in situ throughout this part of Virginia. A 

 large variety of forms are represented, characteristic and typical of 

 piedmont Virginia, but as yet not a single example of a simple tri- 

 angular point made of this material has been discovered on the exten- 

 sive site. Some 15 miles northward, on the village site bordering the 

 banks of the Rivanna which is believed to have been occupied by the 

 Saponi town, Monasukapanough, more than one half — 40 or 50 in 

 number — of the white quartz points found were of the triangular 

 type. This is significant, and if the country surrounding the branches 

 of the Hardware was a great hunting ground, as it is believed to have 

 been, it is evident that triangular points were not employed by hunt- 

 ei's; otherwise some would undoubtedly have been discovered inter- 

 mingled with the great number of other forms. 



The specimen shown in the lower right corner of plate 6 is the 

 only example found of that type made of white quartz ; however, the 

 material is banded and appears to be different from the quartz occur- 

 ring in the vicinity. 



Many small chipped objects, usually termed projectile points, were 

 probably used for other purposes. Some undoubtedly served as 

 knives, some as scrapers, and others as drills. Very little is known 

 of the arts and customs of the people during the days when stone im- 

 plements were made and used, before the coming of Europeans and 

 the introduction of iron. Wood was probably worked more exten- 

 sively than is generally supposed, and many stone tools would have 

 been used. 



Very often a so-called arrowpoint will be encountered on which 

 the edge of the base and the edges of both notches will be quite 

 smooth and polished, while the two edges continuing from the 

 shoulders to the point will be rough and sharp as though recently 

 chipped. An example made of white quartz, found on the Oliver site, 

 illustrating this peculiar feature is shown in figure 3. This may have 

 been a knife, mounted in such a manner that the edge of the base 

 became worn and smooth, while it was necessary from time to time 

 to resharpen or rather rechip the cutting edges. Specimens similar 

 to this are found in other parts of the country. 



Plate 7. — This plate shows typical examples of projectile points, 

 and possibly some knives, all made of brownish quartzite. The 

 quartzite of which the great majority were made resembles the ma- 

 terial of the objects of the Berkeley cache, plate 4, and may, like the 



