NO. 12 TRIBAL MIGRATIONS BUSHNELL 5 



Etowah in Georgia, were raised by the proto-Muskhogean tribes. 

 Some of the ancient mounds, especially the larger ones, reveal evi- 

 dence of having been enlarged at a subsequent time. This may repre- 

 sent the work of later Muskhogean tribes, or possibly in some in- 

 stances that of the Cherokee (Iroquoian). 



DESCRIPTION OF MAPS 

 MAP I 



The first map is intended to visualize the position of the linguistic 

 groups after the proto-Muskhogean tribes, including the Uchean and 

 Siouan, had crossed the Mississippi, and while the Iroquoian and 

 Muskhogean peoples were still on the right bank of the river with 

 the Caddoan adjoining them to the westward. 



The reasons for so placing the Iroquoian group may be briefly 

 stated: First, the languages of the Iroquois and Pawnee (Caddoan) 

 show certain similarities that suggest the possibility of early contact 

 of the two groups ; second, a strong resemblance between early his- 

 toric Pawnee (Caddoan) archeological remains in Nebraska and those 

 of the Iroquois in New York is indicated by the recent discoveries 

 made by W. R. Wedel, whose account of the work in Nebraska is 

 awaiting publication by the Bureau of American Ethnology; third, 

 the Ozark region, extending eastward from the country occupied by 

 Caddoan tribes when they first appeared in history, reveals evidence 

 of a very early and extensive occupancy during a long period, preced- 

 ing the coming of the Siouan peoples from the valley of the Ohio, 

 after which time the Osages dominated a large part of the country of 

 hills and valleys. 



Algonquian tribes may, at that time, have extended much farther 

 south in the region east of the mountains, in the present States of 

 Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, than is indicated on the 

 map, but others of the same stock had evidently already abandoned 

 the country westward from the mountains. 



The fertile valleys of Tennessee and Kentucky present more con- 

 vincing evidence of having been occupied by a great number of tribes, 

 at diflferent times, than does any other section of the southeastern 

 United States. Many of the tribes dififered in manners and customs, 

 as indicated by the great variety of archeological material recovered 

 from the innumerable sites. 



