6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 89 



During the migratory movements, as theoretically expressed on the 

 maps, the present States of Tennessee and Kentucky were crossed 

 and recrossed by many tribes, representing the historic Siouan, 

 Uchean, Iroquoian, and Muskhogean stocks, while probably at an 

 early time, and certainly at a later day, Algonquian tribes frequented 

 the same region. The archeologist of the future may be able to 

 differentiate the material recovered from the scattered sites, and 

 thereby determine the sequence of the tribal movements. 



If the theory that the Iroquoian tribes formerly occupied the Ozark 

 region and later crossed to the left bank of the Mississippi is accepted, 

 it is assumed that some traversed the western and central portions 

 of the present State of Tennessee before pushing northward. By so 

 doing they would have displaced the earlier inhabitants of the country, 

 undoubtedly proto-Muskhogean tribes. 



Many Muskhogean migration legends refer to the coming of the 

 people from the west, and it is possible that the removal of some of 

 the tribes into the trans-Mississippi region was contemporaneous with 

 the movement of the Iroquoian peoples into the same country farther 

 north, nearer the Ohio. Possibly some of the earlier tribes became 

 absorbed by the Muskhogean peoples, while others moved eastward 

 to the mountains or beyond. The Timucua group, preceded by the 

 Calusa, of whom so little is known, may at this time have reached the 

 peninsula of Florida. The last two are now considered with the proto- 

 Muskhogean peoples. 



MAP 3 



Fortified camp or village sites have been traced northward from 

 central Tennessee and Kentucky and across the Ohio in the eastern 

 counties of Indiana to the northern part of the State, thence east- 

 ward through the ancient home of the Fries to the historic sites of the 

 Iroquois. The embankments differ in form and style of construction, 

 a condition influenced by the nature of the locality in which they 

 occur. 



Many of the protected sites may have been constructed and occupied 

 by the Iroquoian tribes during the movement northward, and con- 

 sequently a comparative study of the archeological material recovered 

 from them should prove to be of the greatest interest. If this hypo- 

 thesis is correct, it is probable that before the Iroquoian tribes had 

 reached the left bank of the Ohio the Siouan peoples were living in 

 security in the upper valley of the stream. The great majority were 

 north of the river, but others, including the Catawba, may have been 

 south of the Ohio in the mountains to the eastward. The region 



