NO. 12 TRIBAL MIGRATIONS RUSHNELI, 7 



northward from the Siouan territories, extending to the shores of the 

 Great Lakes, was probably at that time occupied by Algonquian tribes. 



The relative position of the Siouan tribes when they occupied the 

 Ohio valley, claiming the southern section of the present State of 

 Ohio, has been suggested by Swanton,' who wrote in conclusion : 

 " The occupancy of the territory of our Middle West between the 

 Great Lakes and the Ohio by Siouan tribes seems therefore to rest 

 on grounds almost historical. With the strong indications now at hand 

 there seems to be reason to think that a close comparative study of the 

 Siouan dialects would enable us to reconstruct the general outlines 

 of their ancient geographical positions with considerable accuracy. If 

 present indications are not deceptive, when that is done we shall find 

 that they fell into four major linguistic groups ; a northeastern, con- 

 sisting of the ancestors of the later Siouan tribes of Virginia, the 

 Hidatsa, Dakota, Biloxi, and Ofo ; a southeastern, including most 

 of the later Siouan peoples of the two Carolinas ; a southwestern 

 composed of the five tribes of Dorsey's Dhegiha group ; and a north- 

 western, Dorsey's Tciwere. 



"Admittedly there is much of speculation in all this, but I have 

 considered that the facts are of sufficient importance to both the 

 ethnologist and the archaeologist of the Ohio region to present them 

 in usable form." 



The five tribes included in Dorsey's Dhegiha group are the Omaha, 

 Ponca, Quapaw, Osage, and Kansa. The Tciwere group consists of 

 the Iowa, Oto, and Missouri. . 



There is historical proof that one or more Siouan villages remained 

 in southern Ohio until late in the seventeenth century, and tribal tradi- 

 tions place the ancient settlements of the Quapaw and Osage near the 

 junction of the Ohio and Wabash Rivers. 



The line of contact between the Algonquian and Siouan tribes 

 appears to have been to the north and east of the area occupied by the 

 latter peoples. 



Michelson * in a recent article discussed certain phases of the 

 Algonquian languages, and in closing wrote : " Summing up, we may 

 say that Powhatan clearly belongs with the Cree group of Central 

 Algonquian languages, that it is closer to Cree than to any other 

 membefof that group, but that it can not be classified as a Cree dialect. 

 A prehistoric migration is thereby shown." " Powhatan " in this 



' Swanton, John R., New light on the early history of the Siouan peoples' 

 Journ. Washington Acad. Sci„ vol. 13, no. 3, Feb. 4, 1923. 



* Michelson, Truman, The linguistic classification of Powhatan. Amer. An- 

 throp., vol. 35, no. 3, July-Sept., 1933. 



