24 



SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I43 



still used by the domestic form are the same size as in the wild form, 

 but the pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles are less than half 

 the size of those of the wild form, as is also the wing area. 



MUSCLES, LOWER EXTREMITY 

 grama 



400 



200 



100 



eo 



60 

 10 



20 



10 



e 



6 



1.0 



0.8 

 0.6 



0.4 



0.2 



0.1 



PELECAN1DAE. 

 CATHARTIDAE~\*- CIC0NIIDA E 



NUMIDIDAE- 

 ACCIPITRIDAE., 



A.RAMIDAE— • 

 STRIGIDAE — "V^ 

 ARDEIDAE • 



— CRACIDAE 

 -TINAMI DAE 



. *-PANDIONIOAE 

 ^"~-PHALACROCORACI0AE 

 •— ANHINGIDAE 

 ^FALCONIDAE 



TYTONIDAE, 



NYCTtBIIDAE- 



HELIORNITHIOAEv, 

 PODICIPEDIOAE- — * 

 CUCULIDAE — • 



•— THRESKIORNITHIDAE 



COCHLEAR I I DAE 



PHASI ANIDAE 



•-ANATIDAE 



CORVIOAE w- 



RAMPHASTIDAE 



•— LARIDAE 

 • JACANIDAE 



CHARADRIIDAE-^ 

 COTINGIOAE — . 

 Ml Ml DAE-. 



PSIT TACI DAE — 

 FRINGILLIDAEv 



CAPI TONIDAEv.\ 

 CYCLARHIDAE— • v 

 TROGLODYTIDAE-. 



PI PRIDAE . 



ICTERIDAE 



THRAUPIOAE 



SIT T I DAE 



COEREBIOAE 



VIREONIDAE 



DENDROCOLAPTIOAE 



. MOMOTIDAE 



— STURNIOAE 

 -BUCCONIDAE 



MOTACILLIDAE- 



CERTHIIDAE ^^ 

 SYLVIIDAE— • 



•-ALCEDINIDAE 

 CAPRIMULGIDAE 

 TYRANNIDAE 

 RALLI OAE 

 iOLUMBI DAE 

 PTILOGONATIOAE 

 TROGONIDAE 

 T U R D I A E 

 SCOLO PACIDAE 

 PLOGEIDAE 

 PICICAt 

 BOMBYCI LLIDAE 

 FURNARIIDAE 

 PARI DAE 

 PARULIDAE 



*-«HIRUNOINIDAE 



TROCHILIDAE-* 



I ' 



I 



± 



6 a 10 



20 



-L. 



J_ 



40 60 100 



200 



400 600 1000 2000 



BODY groms 



Fig. 5. — Selected plottings of lower-extremity muscle weights against body weights 



(log scales). 



BODY AREAS INVOLVED IN FLIGHT 



The surface areas involved in flight are the wings used in propulsion, 

 the tail and wings for steering, and the tail and body for gliding or 

 soaring. The wing and glide areas for typical examples of each 

 family are shown in figure 6. 



