NO. I 



LOCOMOTOR MECHANISMS OF BIRDS — HARTMAN 



25 



WINGS 



In general, the smaller birds show less divergence and have larger 

 wings than the heavier birds. Exceptionally small wing areas are 

 present in rallids, podicipedids, tinamids, anatids, cracids, scolopacids, 

 and phalacrocoracids. Large wing areas are found in several small 



WINGS ond GLIDE 

 AREAS 



so., cm. 



6000 

 4000 



2000 

 1000 



eoo 



400 

 200 

 100 



eo 



60 

 40 



FREGATIDAE 

 ARDEIOAE. 

 STRIGIOAE 

 FALCONIOAEv 

 TY70NIOAE 



NYCTISIIDAE 



RECURVIROSTRIOAE 

 CUCUL10AE 



MGMOT I DAE 

 BUCCONIOAE 

 TROGON 



lf-P£LECANIDAE 

 K^ CICONHDAE 



^CATHARTIOAE 

 " — PHALACROCORACIDAE 



^»\- — ANHINGID 

 ^CRACIDAE 



AE 



CAPRIMULGI 

 PICIOAE 



MIMI DAE 

 FRINGILLIOAE 

 PTYLOGONATIOAE 

 OENDROCOLAPTIDAE 



TUADIDAE 

 FURNARIIOAE 

 TYRANNIDAE 

 PARIDAE 



FORMICARHDAE 

 VIREONIDAE 

 SIT T IDAE 



CRACI DAE 

 1HRESKI0RNITMIDAE 

 LARIDAE 

 •ACCIPITRIDAE 

 ALCEDINIDAE 

 RAMPHASTIOAE 

 PHASI ANIDAE 

 ANATIbAE 



Tl NAMI DAE 

 HELI ORNITHIDAE 

 PODIC1PEDI0AE 



J ACANIOAE 

 I T TACIDAE 

 TlNGIOAE 

 DAE 

 PICIOAE 

 0LUM8IDAE 



■RALLIDAE 

 HIRUN0IN10AE 

 SCOLOPAC10AE 

 CAPITONIDAE 



PIOAE 

 OtTIOAE 



AE 



ACILLIDAE 

 >ARULIDAE 



6 e 10 20 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 1000 2000 4000 



60DY giomt 



Fig. 6. — Selected plottings of areas for wings (low end of vertical lines) and glide (high 

 end of vertical lines) against body weights (log scales). 



tyrannids, especially Mitrephanes; in other families in Sittasomus, 

 Xenops, and Myrmotherula, hirundinids, Sitta, and several parulids. 



Sex. — The wings of the males in the following species are sig- 

 nificantly larger than those of the females : Buteo lineatus (P<o.05), 

 Tanagra icterocephala (P<o.oi), Tanagra guttata (P<o.oi), Tana- 

 gra gyrola (P<o.o5), Saltator maximus (P<o.oi), and Pipilo eryth- 

 rophthalmus alleni (P<o.oi). In Cassidix mexicanus the wings are 

 larger in the female than in the male (P<o.05). 



Altitude. — Momotus momota collected at sea level has larger wings 

 than the same species collected at 4,500 feet above sea level (P<o.oi). 

 Among the piprids, Corapipo collected at 4,500 feet elevation has wing 



