no. 3 



BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES I955-60: SUBJECTS — SNYDER 



termininae, Termitinae, and Macroter- 

 mitinae. Characters of neuter castes, evo- 

 lution of polymorphism, determination of 

 formation of castes.) 



1956, pp. 145-158. (The replacement sexuals 

 in the higher termites, can have three 

 origins — winged imagines, nymphs, and 

 workers (neoteinics) . In Termitidae only 

 do imagines become sexually mature in 

 nest, lay eggs in queenless colonies 

 Anoplotermes. Formation substitute sex- 

 uals from nymphs widespread, preceded 

 by molting. Only with the most primitive 

 types Termitidae possible for workers to 

 be sexualized, as in Tertnes hospes. 

 Formation apterous reproductives takes 

 place during two successive molts, live 

 short time, must be constantly replaced, 

 same in Microcerotermes amboinensis. In 

 most highly developed forms sexual 

 maturation only possible for imagines. 

 Development supplementary reproduc- 

 tives influenced by neither diet nor 

 ectohormones.) 



1958-1959, pp. 151-169. (General, ecology, 

 water, temperature, light, air, soil, micro- 

 climate of nest and its regulation in 

 Bellicositermes 27 to 30 C.) 

 Obenberger, J., 1940, pp. 1-402. (Termites 

 pp. 255-402, biology, nests, fungus cultiva- 

 tion, termitophiles, damage, control, 

 predators.) 



1949, pp. 1-175. (Biology, nests, fungus 

 cultivation, termitophiles, damage, con- 

 trol, predators.) 



J 952, 1955- (Vol- I, PP. 10, 23, 25, 29, 54, 

 128, 137-139, 154, 295-296, 322-324, 326, 

 436, 492, 498, 688-689, 711, 753-754- Vol. 

 2, pp. 576-637-) 

 Pence, R. J., 1956, pp. 553-554. {Kalotermes 

 minor can exist in wood with n.\ to 3% 

 moisture, can adjust to temperatures of 

 150 F.) 



1957a, pp. 91-95. (Adipose tissue, not chitin 

 fluorescent.) 



1957b, pp. 238-240. (End-slotted moisture 

 gradient test tubes set in battery jars, 

 moisture 97^% optimum {Reticuliterm.es 

 hesperus), prefer black-dyed wood.) 

 Pesson, P., 1959, pp. 41, 55, 78-79, 99, 104, 

 109, 132, 137-138, 152, 167. (General, 

 polymorphism; nests 30 ft. high; habitats 

 temperature never falls below 15 C., 

 regulate temperature nests, go below 

 ground to escape cold or heat; mate for 

 life; nests in Africa 80 to 100 years old, 

 longest-lived insect; queens Bellicosi- 

 termes lay 36,000 eggs per day; neoteny; 



trophallaxis; social regulation — inhibition 

 castes; cultivation fungi by higher ter- 

 mites for food for young; preferential 

 nutrition controls production various 

 castes; retrograde molts; temporary ori- 

 entation, appreciation of duration of 

 time?) 



Pickens, A. L., 1956, pp. 233-238. (Links and 

 gaps in the common castes of termites.) 



Rhode Island Dept. Agric. and Conserva- 

 tion, Drv. of Entomology and Plant 

 Industry, 1955, pp. 1-4. (Biology of sub- 

 terranean termites.) 



Richard, G., 1956a, pp. 502-527. (Study of 

 geotropism of Calotermes fiavicollis.) 

 1958a, pp. 571-575. {Calotermes fiavicollis, 

 effect of light on flight.) 



Roonwal, M. L., 1958a, pp. 77-100. (India, 

 biology, ecology, review all phases re- 

 search, list references.) 



i 959j P- 5 ix -5 2 3- (India, Coptotermes 

 heimi, swarms from early Mar. to early 

 Aug. at and after dusk; nests in dead 

 wood; individuals do not live more than 

 1 year; soldiers constitute 33% of a 

 soldier-worker colony.) 



Roonwal, M. L., and Sen-Sarma, P. K., 1955, 

 pp. 234-239. (Biology and damage by 

 Neotermes gardneri, 15 trees, including 

 Mangifera indica, injured, flights Feb. to 

 July; Odontotermes flights occur en masse, 

 once or twice a year.) 



Sands, W. A., 1956, pp. 531-536. (Factors 

 affecting the survival of Odontotermes 

 badius, fungus Termitomyces micro- 

 carpus may not support life for prolonged 

 periods, source of vitamins or similar es- 

 sential substances, symbiosis necessary for 

 survival.) 



Schmidt, H., et al., 1955b, pp. 1-309. (Sys- 

 tematics, nests, biology, economic im- 

 portance, control.) 



Schmidt, H., 1956, pp. 129-130. (Laboratory 

 studies of supplementary reproductives of 

 Reticulitermes, the nymphs collect in 

 herds of 80 to 100 and are guarded by 

 a group of workers in a narrow chamber. 

 They are kept isolated from other 

 nymphs. Every 1 or 2 days they change 

 their position. Further development al- 

 ways takes place in the form of herds. 

 Workers feed the nymphs stomodeal 

 food.) 

 1957a, pp. 99-100. (Germany, Hamburg, 

 colony foundation by the Hamburg 

 termite.) 



Simeone, J. B., 1956, pp. 1-3. (U.S., New 



