44 



SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 



VOL. I43 



fore flight would prevent new colonies 

 from forming. Sealing galleries would 

 prevent flight and use of an attractant 

 for the adults should furnish means for 

 capturing the adults. These termites at- 

 tack not only the woody grapevine stocks 

 but also other woody plants.) 



Foster, A. C, et al., 1956, pp. 1-36. (U.S., 

 rapid deterioration chlorinated hydrocar- 

 bons in soil, at dosages used, residues will 

 not accumulate in soil to the extent of 

 impairing growth of plants.) 



Gannon, N., and Bigger, J. H., 1958, pp. 1-2. 

 (U.S., Illinois, conversion aldrin and hep- 

 tachlor to their epoxides in soil. Aldrin 

 converted to dieldrin more rapidly than 

 heptachlor to heptachlorepoxide, hence 

 toxicity due to dieldrin, heptachlor ex- 

 ceeded quantity epoxide but latter more 

 toxic, hence epoxidation advantageous in- 

 creasing both toxicity and residual effect.) 



Gillespie, B. B., 1959, p. 34. (U.S., Indiana, 

 topical application and laboratory soil 

 tests, former showed aldrin and dieldrin 

 most toxic, then heptachlor and chlor- 

 dane, higher dosage required for Reticu- 

 litermes flavipes than for R. hageni; latter 

 showed aldrin and heptachlor most toxic, 

 then dieldrin and chlordane, no differ- 

 ence between species termites.) 



Gunther, F. A., and Blinn, R. C, 1955, 

 pp. 1-708. (Analysis of insecticides and 

 acaricides.) 



Heal, R. E., 1957, pp. 73-76. (U.S., chemicals 

 in termite control.) 

 1957a, pp. 118-120. (U.S., chemicals in 

 built-in protection.) 



Hetrick, L. A., 1956, pp. 28-29. (U.S., Re- 

 ticulitertnes flavipes, organic insecticides, 

 benzene hexachloride and chlordane de- 

 creasing speed action.) 



1957, pp. 316-317. (Benzene hexachloride 

 effective more than 10 years in sandy soil, 

 Reticulitermes flavipes.} 



1957a, pp. 343-348. (Evaluation new chemi- 

 cals, Reticulitermes flavipes!) 



India Ministry Food and Agric, 1958, p. 748. 

 (India, treating soil with chemicals.) 



Johnston, H. R., 1956, pp. 1-8. (U.S., Missis- 

 sippi, and Canal Zone, Panama, tests soil 

 poisons.) 



1958, pp. 9, 11-16. (Mississippi and Canal 

 Zone, 10- to 13-year tests.) 



1958a, pp. 423-431. (Mississippi and Canal 

 Zone, tests soil poisons (chlorinated hy- 

 drocarbons most effective.) 



1959, p. 32. (Mississippi and Canal Zone, 

 tests of soil poisons: aldrin 0.5%, 100% 



effective after 9 years; BHC (benzene 

 hexachloride) 0.8% gamma isomer, 80% 

 after 10 years; chlordane 1%, 100% after 

 10 years; DDT 5%, 90% after n years; 

 dieldrin 0.5%, 100% after 9 years. Hepta- 

 chlor promising; duration increased by 

 increased concentration.) 

 i960, pp. 44-45. (U.S., Mississippi, volatili- 

 zation, vaporization, evaporation, and 

 temperature major factors in disappear- 

 ance of termiticides from soil. Types soil 

 important, 96% heptachlor applied to 

 mucky soil remained, after 56 days only 

 45% in sandy soil. Alternate wetting 

 and drying causes chemical to disappear 

 rapidly.) 

 1960a, pp. 1-6. (Tests of soil poisons in 

 Mississippi and the Canal Zone, Panama. 

 Later data than 1956 report, chlorinated 

 hydrocarbons most effective.) 

 1961, pp. 40, 42. (U.S., Mississippi, break- 

 down of chemicals in soil includes de- 

 composition, alkalies decompose benzene 

 hexachloride, iron DDT; volatilization 

 is evaporation, is big factor instability. 

 Chemicals with high vapor pressure 

 evaporate more rapidly. Temperature 

 and formulation affect volatilization, as 

 do soil types, moisture, rate application, 

 alkalinity or acidity of soil.) 



Johnston, H. R., and Osmun, J. V., i960, 

 pp. 62-63. (U.S., Forest Service and Pur- 

 due Univ. tests show soil poisoning effec- 

 tive, but narrow margin exists between 

 protection and no protection, standards 

 of formulation and dosages should not 

 be lowered.) 



Katz, H., 1958, p. 49. (U.S., soil near old 

 woody shrubs should have nearby soil 

 treated with aqueous solution toxicant.) 

 1958a, p. 6. (U.S., termites will not live in 

 soil so alkaline that chlordane or dieldrin 

 would break down, but might survive in 

 soil alkaline enough to destroy DDT.) 

 1961, pp. 40, 43. (U.S., paradichloroben- 

 zene and naphthalene, old standbys, will 

 suppress posttreatment swarmers, but not 

 used for long-time control, based on 

 A. E. Lund's tests and commercial use.) 

 1961a, pp. 9, 11-12, 64. (U.S., treatment of 

 gravel fill material more important than 

 treatment of soil, 1 gal. toxicant per 10 

 sq. ft. Weight of toxicant/volume of soil 

 more exact, degree wetness of soil will 

 vary dosage.) 



Kiigemagi, U., Morrison, H. E., Roberts, 

 J. E., and Bollen, W. B., 1958, pp. 193- 

 204. (U.S., Oregon, aldrin, dieldrin, and 



