NO. 7 FLOCKS OF NEOTROPICAL BIRDS — MOYNIHAN 5 



Resident in Panama. Common both in young, scattered, second- 

 growth forest and along the edges of fairly mature forest, both in 

 moderately low bushes and in the treetops. 



Moderately gregarious apart from mixed species flocks. Active and 

 noisy, frequently uttering nasal anh notes which are quite unlike 

 the notes of any other Panamanian tanagers or honey creepers except 

 the other species of Ramphocelus. 



Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra). — Migratory. Absent from 

 Panama during the northern breeding season. Most individuals ob- 

 served in Panama seemed to be young; in more or less complete 

 juvenal plumage, dull yellowish in color (males usually begin to 

 assume the rosy-red adult plumage before leaving in the spring). 



Fairly common in many different types of vegetation in many areas 

 of Panama. 



Almost completely nongregarious apart from mixed species flocks 

 in Panama. Not very active. Moderately noisy, frequently uttering a 

 rattling pi-ti-ti-tuck call. 



White-lined Tanager (Tachyphonus rufus). — A rather large tana- 

 ger. Sexes very different in appearance when adult. The adult male 

 is black, with white underwing coverts. The adult female and juve- 

 niles of both sexes are rufous brown. 



Resident in Panama. Most common in young, scattered, second- 

 growth forest, but common also in moderately low bushes as well as 

 in the treetops. 



Only very slightly gregarious apart from mixed species flocks. 

 Moderately active. Not very noisy. 



Fulvous-vented, Thick-billed, and Yellow-crowned Euphonias 

 (Tanagra fulvicrissa, T. laniirostris, and T. luteicapilla) . — Small to 

 very small tanagers. The adult males of all three species are largely 

 black glossed with steel-blue above, with yellow foreheads and yellow 

 underparts. The adult females and juveniles of all three species are 

 largely olive. 



All three species are resident in Panama. The fulvous-vented 

 euphonia is most common along the edges of fairly mature forest. 

 The thick-billed and yellow-crowned euphonias are more characteristic 

 of young second growth. 



All three species seem to be only moderately gregarious apart from 

 mixed species flocks. They are all very active and noisy, uttering a 

 variety of call notes almost constantly when moving. 



Bananaquit (Coereba fiaveola). — Another honeycreeper type, but 

 very different from the blue and green honeycreepers in many respects. 



