NO. 7 FLOCKS OF NEOTROPICAL BIRDS — MOYNIHAN /3 



Resident in Panama. Common along the edges of forest and scrub 

 over a very wide range of altitudes. Usually occurring relatively low 

 in vegetation. 



Not very gregarious apart from mixed species flocks. Moderately 

 active. Usually very quiet. 



Miscellaneous Furnariidae. — Various species of f urnariids, e.g., the 

 ruddy tree-runner (Margarornis rubiginosus) , the buff-fronted foli- 

 age-gleaner (Philydor rufus), and the red- faced spinetail (Cranio- 

 leuca erythrops) are more or less frequently associated with montane 

 bush flocks. 



All these species are somewhat similar in appearance, insofar as 

 they all have rufous wings and tails. They are all resident in Panama, 

 and only very slightly gregarious apart from mixed species flocks. 



Silver-throated Tanager (Tangara icterocephala). — A compara- 

 tively small tanager. Sexes nearly identical in plumage: largely 

 golden yellow, with a whitish throat and black and green stripes on 

 the back. 



Resident in Panama. Common along the edges of forest and scrub 

 over a wide range of altitudes. Frequently occurring in treetops. 



Not very gregarious apart from mixed species flocks. Very restless 

 and active. Very noisy; frequently uttering very distinctive buzzy 

 call notes. 



Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). — A small, chunky warbler. 

 Sexes slightly different in appearance. Male generally yellowish, with 

 conspicuous black crown. Female without black crown. 



Migrant. In Panama from September to March (approximately). 

 Widely distributed over a wide range of altitudes in Panama. Com- 

 mon both in the treetops and in low scrub. 



Almost completely nongregarious apart from mixed species flocks 

 in Panama. Active and noisy, frequently uttering loud "Tsit" call 

 notes. 



Slate-throated Redstart (Myioborus miniatus). — A flycatcherlike 

 warbler. Sexes nearly identical in appearance: largely black above 

 and yellow below, cheeks and throat blackish, chestnut on crown, and 

 white tips on tail feathers. 



Resident in Panama. Common along the edges of forest and scrub 

 over a wide range of altitudes. Occurs in almost all levels of vegeta- 

 tion. 



Not very gregarious apart from mixed species flocks. Very active 

 and restless. Not very noisy. 



Collared Redstart (Myioborus torquatus). — Similar to the slate- 



