NO. I CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF EASTERN ASIA 5 



ince of western North America ; also an Upper Cambrian fauna 

 comparable with that of the Cordilleran Province and the Upper 

 Mississippi Province of the United States. The fauna of the upper 

 zone of the Lower Cambrian was found to be of the same general 

 type as that of the Cambrian fauna of the Salt Range of India, and 

 we were thus enabled definitely to locate the f aunal horizons in India 

 which have heretofore been referred to Upper Cambrian and post- 

 Cambrian formations. 



Another important discovery was that of the occurrence in the 

 Middle Cambrian of China of a fauna comparable with that of the 

 Middle Cambrian of Mount Stephen, British Columbia, and the 

 southern extension of the same fauna in the Middle Cambrian of 

 Idaho, Utah, and Nevada in the United States. 



The determination of the age of the Man-t'o shales affords the 

 data by which to fix the period of Cambrian time in which the Cam- 

 brian sea transgressed over eastern and southeastern Asia, and 

 shows that it was somewhat later than the transgression in the 

 Siberian area now occupied by the basins of the Lena and Yenesei 

 rivers. 



A noteworthy addition to the knowledge of the Cambrian faunas 

 was the discovery for the first time of a true cephalopod in a fauna 

 referred to the Upper Cambrian. This is illustrated by a species of 

 Cyrtoceras, which occurs in the lower part of the Ch'au-mi-tien 

 limestone. Other details will be found in the discussion of the sub- 

 faunas and their stratigraphic and geographic distribution. 



From the study of the collections described in this memoir I antici- 

 pate that a large and varied fauna will soon be found in the Cam- 

 brian formations of China. What we now have is the result of 

 hurried and superficial collecting. Persistent search by trained col- 

 lectors will undoubtedly give material comparable in extent and 

 beauty with that of America and Europe, and add many unique 

 genera and species to the great Cambrian fauna. 



THE CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF CHINA 

 HISTORICAL REVIEW 

 The presence of Cambrian fossils in China was first announced 

 by Baron von Richthofen in 1883.' The material gathered by him 

 was studied by Dr. E. Kayser, to whom the brachiopods were in- 

 trusted, and by Dr. W. Dames, who described the trilobites. 



^ China, Vol. 4, Palaeontologischer Theil, I. Abhand., pp. 2>'i^-2,Z, pls. i, 2: Cam- 

 brische Trilobiten von Liau-tung. 



