40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 64 



area by the slowly transgressing Cambrian sea. This area is out- 

 lined by Willis on his map of " Southern Asia during the Sinian 

 period." ' 



Middle Sinian, Kiu-Lung Group 

 Willis describes this group in the following words : 



The Kiu-lung group of Shan-tung is a succession of limestones and shales 

 which immediately follows the Man-t'o formation. Transition beds connect 

 the two. Shale is a common rock in both, but in the Man-t'o it is red, whereas 

 in the Kiu-lung it is green. Limestone is thin-bedded and subordinate in the 

 former; in the latter it is usually massive and predominant. The Man-t'o 

 contains a sparse Middle or Lower Cambrian fauna in its upper portion; the 

 Kiu-lung carries very abundant faunas, which range from Middle Cambrian 

 at the base to Upper Cambrian and possibly to lowest Ordovician at the top.^ 



The Kiu-lung group is divided into the Ch'ang-hia limestone at 

 the base, the Ku-shan shale, and the Ch'au-mi-tien limestone. 



Ch'ang-hia limestone. — The lower portion of the Kiu-lung group 

 is composed of green shale and limestone, alternating in character 

 and forming a series 400 to 500 feet thick (120 to 150 meters). 



Ku-shan shale. — The upper portion of the group is characterized 

 by dominance of shale, and Doctor Willis gave it the name of the 

 Ku-shan shale in the vicinity of Shan-si, where a single stratum 

 occurs 150 feet (45 meters) thick. 



Ch'au-mi-tien limestone. — The upper part of the Kiu-lung group, 

 the Ch'au-mi-tien limestone, horizontally maintains a uniform char- 

 acter. It is given a thickness of from 400 to 600 feet (120 to 185 

 meters). It represents a widespread condition of deposition. 



The Upper Sinian, the Tsi-nan limestone, differs in lithologic 

 characters and also contains fossils of Lower Ordovician type." 



The lower portion of the Kiu-lung group is designated as the 

 Ch'ang-hia limestone in the Ch-ang-hia district, and in the Sin-t'ai 

 district as the lower limestone. Blackwelder gives the reason for 

 this as follows : 



The classification of the Kiu-lung group' into three separate divisions is 

 not appropriate for this district, in spite of the fact that the general paleon- 



' Willis, Bailey. Research in China, Pub. No. 54, Carnegie Institution of 

 Washington, Vol. 2, 1907, Systematic geology, pi. 4. 



^ Idem, p. 40. 



^ The Cambrian portion of the Sinian is described in detail with sections 

 and distributions of faunas by Dr. Eliot Blackwelder in his description of the 

 stratigraphy of Shan-tung [Blackwelder, Stratigraphy of Shan-tung, 1907, Vol. 

 I, part I, pp. 19-58], and in the description of the stratigraphy of Qii-li in 

 Shan-si [Reconnaissance in southwest Liau-tung, 1907, pp. 136-147], so that 

 it will not be necessary for me to go further into the details of sedimentation 

 and stratigraphy. 



