6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLAxVEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 95 



Blanfordia bcnsoni. He states that the subgenus also inckides Blan- 

 fordia simplex Pilsbry. This subgenus, Vicina, therefore was still- 

 born, as it is a pure and simple synonym of Blanfordia, having the 

 same type. 



The same year Annandale (31) published his paper on "The 

 Molluscan Hosts of the Human Blood Fluke in China and Japan, 

 and Species Liable to be Confused with Them." Here he gives a 

 description of the animal, which I copy under the generic definition. 

 He rightfully considers Blanfordia generically distinct from the rest 

 of the complex. He gives a new name to Blanfordia japonica, namely, 

 Blanfordia pilsbryana, from the type locality of Blanfordia japonica, 

 naming it from Pilsbry's figures i and 2, Nautilus, 191 5, page 2. 

 He also wrongly lumps Blanfordia simplex under Blanfordia bensoni. 



In 1928 Bequaert (t^/) published two papers on " Mollusks of Im- 

 portance in Human and Veterinary Medicine." In this he places the 

 Japanese intermediate hosts in Blanfordia and the Chinese in Hemibia. 



Thiele (38) in 1929 recognized Blanfordia A. Adams as distinct 

 from Oncomelania Gredler. He cites also the subgenus Vicina. 



\n 1932 Tubangui {40) published a paper on "The Molluscan 

 Intermediate Host in the Philippines of the Oriental Blood Fluke, 

 Schistosoma japonicum Katsurada." Here he cites Blanfordia quad- 

 rasi {—Prososthenia quadrasi Mollendorff) as host. He says this is 

 most closely related to Blanfordia formosana Pilsbry and Hirase. He 

 also says that the mollusks can stand prolonged desiccation, at least 

 up to 4 weeks, under laboratory conditions. This is the ScJiistoso- 

 mopliora hydrohiopsis Rensch described in this paper. 



Two years after this, in 1934, Bequaert (44) discusses the intermedi- 

 ate host of the Asiatic blood fluke in the Philippines and reviews the 

 field as a whole on the basis of what has been said before. He places 

 all the species in Blanfordia, which, as we have shown in the present 

 effort, is not tenable. 



The Philippine mollusk implicated is Rensch's Oncomelania Iiydro- 

 biopsis, here made congeneric with Prososthenia quadrasi Mollen- 

 dorff, which I am now rechristening Schist osovnophora quadrasi; he 

 calls it Blanfordia quadrasi. 



Following Bequaert's paper in the same journal is a review of the 

 subject by Pilsbry (45) which is largely devoted to a criticism of 

 Annandale's effort, and supports Bequaert's contention. 



GENERIC DEFINITION 



Shell. — Shell ovate, thin, with inflated whorls which are marked 

 by irregular incremental lines that in some species almost attain the 



