NO. lO SECOND REPORT ON FOLSOM COMPLEX ROBERTS 21 



refined by a retouch in which minute flakes were removed, a process 

 comparable to the secondary chipping in the Folsom group. 



A large variety of blades and points have been grouped under the 

 name Yuma, and at the present time there is considerable confusion 

 as to what constitutes such a point. In fact it seems that the tendency 

 is to call anything Yuma that is not a true Folsom or a barbed and 

 tanged arrowhead of the recent Plains type. Dr. E. B. Renaud, of the 

 University of Denver, was the first to describe the form and gave 

 it the name Yuma. His discussion and classification, including his 

 several subtypes, may be found in his various publications." Dr. E. B. 

 Howard considers the Folsom- Yuma problem at some length in his 

 " Evidence of Early Man in North America," '" and J. D. Figgins 

 has written a number of articles on the subject." As the situation 





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Fig. 2. — Yuma point, a: Cross-section, />,• and base types, c-f. (Actual size.) 



Stands today, it seems essential to reach an agreement on what is 

 meant l)y Yuma and that its use be restricted to something more 

 specific than its present catch-all connotation. 



The importance of the fragments from Yuma type points found 

 at the Lindenmeier site lies in the evidence bearing on their position 

 in the sequence. One came from the latest old stream channel in 

 section B-3. Its position distinctly indicated a later deposition than 

 the black stratum containing the Folsom points. The other specimen 

 came from the black layer. This was in A-23. where indications were 

 that the layer was the bottom of a swamp or bog deposit. The exact 

 position of this example was not obtained, as the point was found in 

 the screen and not in situ. Indications were that it had been in the 

 black fairly high above the contact. Since this cannot be established 

 with certainty, it will be considered as being on a level with the Folsom 



'"Renaud, 1931, 1932, 1934. 



^^ Howard, 1935. 



=' Figgins, 1934, 1935. 



