22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 95 



material. Portions from two other points, not typically the true Yuma 

 type as described in this paper but of a form usually called Yuma, 

 were also obtained. One was above the black layer in section B-8. 

 The other was above the black in the area just east of A-4. The situa- 

 tion may then be summarized as follows : Out of four specimens 

 attributed to the Yuma group, one was in a position that may be 

 regarded as evidence for contemporaneity with the Folsom, and 

 three were later. 



The Denver Museum party obtained, in its large pit, four specimens 

 which in a broad sense of the word might be called Yuma. Two of 

 these were from the contact line between the black and the basic 

 substratum. The others were from a higher level in the black. The 

 situation in the deposit where these were found was similar to that 

 in trench A from section 23 through to the deep pit. As a consequence 

 there is the possibility of somewhat later material sinking to a lower 

 level. The only conclusion which can be drawn from the evidence 

 as it now stands is that there was at best only a late contemporaneity 

 between Yuma and Folsom at the Lindenmeier site with a later sur- 

 vival of the Yuma. Subsequent work may throw more light on the 

 subject and change the picture, but at present the Yuma must be 

 considered comparatively late in this immediate district. Further- 

 more, they are only a minor factor, as only .05 percent of the points 

 from the site can be classified as Yuma, and some of these are of 

 such a nature that their inclusion is highly debatable. 



Implements of this type comprise 32.8 percent of the collection 

 from the 1935 excavations (pis. 5, 6, 7, 8). The tools fall into several 

 major groups. These are the side scrapers, " snub-nosed " scrapers, 

 end scrapers, " thumbnail " scrapers, and scraper edges. The latter 

 consist of pieces from broken implements too indefinite in char- 

 acter to warrant inclusion in one of the other classes. The term 

 " thumbnail " is occasionally used as a synonym for " snub-nosed." 

 In this discussion they are regarded as different types. 



The side scraper series represents 56 percent of the group. There 

 is considerable variation in the type of tlakes used in their manufac- 

 ture, their degree of finish, and in their general quality. Some of the 

 implements are light in weight and almost as thin as a sheet of heavy 

 paper. Others are thick and cumbersome. Certain examples are little 

 more than rough flakes with a worked edge along one side only ; in 

 some cases merely a portion of the edge shows chipping. Tools in this 



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