NO. lO SECOND REPORT ON FOLSOM COMPLEX ROBERTS 29 



that they were found in association with such objects. Several of 

 these natural choppers also have slightly battered edges, showing that 

 they had been employed as tools. 



The specimens which may be grouped under the classification of 

 knives consist of implements made from large, ribbonlike fragments 

 of stone modified only by chipping along the edges ; flakes which were 

 more carefully shaped and bear a general resemblance to modern knife 

 blades; and skillfully chipped stones which exhibit typical Folsom 

 features in their fluted faces and secondary retouch along the edges. 

 Tools in this group comprise 3 percent of the collection. 



The ordinary flakeknives (pi. 10, a-f, and pi. 11, a-c) are crude 

 implements, yet would be quite efficient in use. On some of them the 

 chipping is large and irregular, on others (pi. 11, a, for example) it 

 is as minute and precise as could be desired. Both convex and concave 

 edges are present in the series. Some of the tools have two types on a 

 single side, others on opposite sides. There is nothing to indicate that 

 any of these cutting edges were hafted in handles, but it is quite pos- 

 sible that some of them were. The flakes range from 37 to 79 mm in 

 length and from 10 to 45 mm in breadth. The thickness varies from 

 2 to II mm. 



The group which shows more definite shaping (pi. 11, d-f) com- 

 prises specimens which exhibit some of the finest chipping noted in 

 the collection. Not all of them were subjected to the same degree of 

 workmanship, but the class as a whole is much superior in finish to the 

 rough flakeknives. It seems probable that most of the blades in this 

 group were hafted. All have an unfinished end, and on a few there 

 is a slight gloss or luster such as a handle might produce. Measure- 

 ments in this group range between 45 and 80 mm in length, 20 and 

 28 mm in breadth, and 3 and 8 mm in thickness. 



The carefully chipped blades with fluted faces (pi. 10, g and h) 

 comprise only 18 percent of the knives. So far as craftsmanship is con- 

 cerned they are comparable in every way to the projectile points. The 

 same technique was employed in their manufacture. Their ends, how- 

 ever, are rounded and blunt. In some cases they were smoothed. 

 The cutting edges tend to be parallel rather than tapering or bulging 

 as in the case of the points, yet such a knife could be converted into 

 a typical point by the mere expedient of chipping the blunt end to a 

 penetrating tip. These knives were undoubtedly mounted in a handle. 

 Blades in this group range from 51 to 70 mm in length, 23 to 31 mm 

 in width, and 4 to 6 mm in thickness. 

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