QO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 95 



and provided with an elaborate musculature, while the ventral phallo- 

 luere takes the shape of a broad lobe with the gonopore on its base. 

 In others (Blattella, Ectohia) the lateral phallomeres retain a rela- 

 tively simple form, and become retracted into pouches of the genital 

 chamber laterad of the gonopore, while the ventral lobe forms the 

 mouth of a large endophallic sac receiving the ductus ejaculatorius 

 into its anterior end, and having a long rod, or virga, in its dorsal 

 wall. The exact use of the phallic organs of Blattidae during mating 

 has not been observed, and apparently it is not known in what manner 

 the spermatozoa are transferred to the female seminal receptacle. In 

 Blatta orientalis the spermatozoa occur within the receptacle attached 

 externally to long tubular spermatophores. 



In Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae a phallic organ is variously de- 

 veloped, including ectophallic and endophallic parts, but there is no 

 close resemblance in any case to the genital structures of Blattidae, 

 and there is little in the ontogeny of the organ to indicate that the 

 adult structures have been evolved from any type of primitive struc- 

 ture common to the Orthoptera. The principal modifications of the 

 phallus in the Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae are adaptations to the for- 

 mation of spermatophores and the introduction of the latter into the 

 genital chamber or the spermathecal orifice of the female ; the phallic 

 mechanism is fairly well understood in most cases. The complex 

 phallic organ of Acrididae is perhaps an extreme development of the 

 tettigoniid type of structure, in which a large endophallic cavity 

 becomes an important part of the phallic apparatus. 



The Male Genitalia of Orthoptera will be the subject of a separate 

 paper designed to follow, in which will be discussed the structure and 

 function of the male organs in orthopteroid families other than 

 Acrididae. 



REFERENCES 

 Andrews, E. A. 



1906. The annulus ventralis. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, pp. 427- 



479, pis. 43-48. 

 191 1. Male organs for sperm-transfer in the cray-fish, Cambarus affinis: 

 their structure and use. Journ. Morph., vol. 22, pp. 239-291, 31 text 

 figs., 4 pis. 

 Attems, C. G. 



1894. Die Copulationsfiisse der Polydesmiden. Sitzungsb. Kaiserl. Akad. 



Wiss., Math.-Matur. CI., vol. 103, Abt. i, pp. 39-54, 4 pls. 

 1926. Diplopoda. Kiikenthal and Krumbach's Handbuch der Zoologie, 

 vol. 4, 1st half. pp. 29-238, figs. 29-273. 

 Benham, W. B. S. 



1883. On the testis of Limulus. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 2d ser., Zool. 

 vol. 2, pp. 363-366, pi. 38. 



