Dr. J. E. Gray on the Varieties of Dogs. 237 



2, wolf-dogs ; 3, watch-dogs ; 4, greyhounds ; 5, hounds; 6, cur 

 dogs ; and, 7, mastiffs. 



Prof. Fitzinger, in the ' Sitzungsberichte der kaiserl. Akad. 

 der Wissensch.' for July 1867, has published an elaborately 

 compiled essay on the subject ; but I do not consider it satis- 

 factory. He divides them into seven groups, and regards the 

 deformed, short-legged, and the hairless dogs as two of them. 



I. Canes domestici, containing forty-eight varieties, inclu- 

 ding the following English-named dogs : — shepherd's dog, 

 terrier, Iceland dog, Pomeranian dog or spitz dog, Siberian 

 dog, pariah dog, watch-dog, New-Zealand dog, Esquimaux 

 dog. 



II. Canes extrarii: thirty varieties, including the spaniel, 

 comforter or Maltese dog, springer, water-spaniel or poodle, 

 Newfoundland dog, Scotch terrier. 



III. Canes vertagi: twelve- varieties, including the Turn- 

 spits. 



IV. Canes sagaces : thirty-five varieties, including hound, 

 bloodhound, Scotch bloodhound, water-hound, pointer, breac, 

 leviner or lynmer or talbot, foxhound, harrier, setter, stag- 

 hound. 



V. Canes molossi, containing nineteen varieties, including 

 mastive or mastiff or ban-dog, pug-dog or mops, terrier or 

 pincher, bull-dog. 



VI. Canes leporarii: thirty-nine varieties, including the 

 greyhound, boarhound, Danish dog, Dalmatian or coach-dog, 

 Irish wolf-hound, lurcher. 



VII. Canes caraibcei: six varieties, as the hairless dog, 

 naked dog, and crested dog. 



The varieties of dog are chiefly characterized by the differ- 

 ence in the development of the various parts of the animal, 

 as, for example, — 



1 . The length of the head, and especially of the nose, com- 

 pared with its diameter or circumference. 



2. The length and strength of the body and limbs, some- 

 times very slender, as in the greyhound, or massive, as in the 

 mastiff. 



3. The size, form, and natural direction of the ears, as : — 

 (1) erect, or projecting outwards ; (2) drooping on the sides of 

 the head ; (3) folded back on the sides of the neck. 



4. The size of the upper lip. 



5. The presence or absence of the dew-claw or internal toe. 



The varieties characterized by these differences in the rela- 

 tive development of the various parts, without destroying the 

 general symmetry of the animal, are further subdivided — 



Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 4. Vol, iii. 17 



