434 M. Sars on the Distribution of Animal Life 



Funiculina JlnmarcMca. F. Christii, Pennatula borealis', also, 

 Astropliyton Linckii, A. Lamar ckii, Asteronyx LovSnii, Bri- 

 singa endecacnemos, Cidaris papillata, Molpadia borealis ; 

 finally, Terebratula septata, Lima excavata, Yoldia obtusa. 



To these, after the last two years' explorations, the follow- 

 ing are now to be added : — 



Cladorhiza abyssorum (200-300 fathoms), Trichostemma 

 hemisp>ho3ricum (100-300 f.), Funiculina Forbesii (200 f.), 

 Mopsea borealis*, Fungiacyathus fragilis (100—300 f.), EcMno- 

 cucumis typica (100-450 f.) f> Stiehopus natans (200-300 f.), 

 Flustra abyssicola (100-300 f.), HalUoplms mirabilis (100- 

 300 f.), Axinus pusillus (200-450 f.), Lyonsiella abyssicola 

 (100-450 f.), Dentalium agile (250-300 f.), Phascolosoma oliva- 

 ceum (250-300 f.), Cytheropteron hamatum (250-300 f.), Gyihe- 

 reis mucronata (100-300 f.), Cytherella abyssorum (100-450f.), 

 Conchcecia elegans (100-300 f.), Gonchoecia borealis (about 

 300 f. or more), Clydonia borealis (about 300 f., and not rare), 

 Gampylaspis sulcata (100-250 f.), Campylaspis liorrida (100- 

 300?.), Cyclaspis longicauda (100-300 f.), Ilyarachna coro- 

 nata (300 f.), Llyarachna hirticeps (100-300 f.), Hemimysis 

 abyssicola (250 f.), Pseudomma roseum (250-450 f.), Erythrops 

 abyssorum (300 f.), Cryptocheles abyssicola (300 f.), Pasiphae 

 norvegica (100-300 f.) — altogether 46 kinds, independent of 

 several others that cannot yet with certainty be said to be 

 deep-sea forms. 



Although, as we see by the examples adduced, there is some 

 variation in the limits of these true deep-water species, we can 

 yet nevertheless generally gather, from the known facts, that 

 the proper deep-water zone begins somewhere about 100 fath., 

 since the greater part of those forms which here begin to show 

 themselves noAV and then, increase in number of individuals 

 downwards to 300 fathoms, and, in some cases in which re- 

 search has been carried lower down, even to 450 fathoms. 

 How far this zone descends into the abyss, or whether there 

 be, as is probable, still other zones differing in character from 

 this, is a point which for the present we cannot decide. 



The sea- bottom along our coast, at the greatest depth at 

 which it has been examined, appears to vary in condition. 



* Living specimens occurred at 300 fathoms, stuck together in the 

 direction of their longitudinal axes ; which, from a great numher of casts 

 at and near to the same place, were not found higher up than 250 fathoms. 

 A single example hy chance occurred in 120 fath., but it may have been 

 carried by the force of the current. 



t In my account of the Echinodermata of Norway (p. 103), Echino- 

 cucumis typica is said by mistake to have been found in from 40 to 100 

 fathoms, instead of from 100 to 200 fathoms. 



