lOO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I44 



Comparison with other genera. — This genus is very similar to 

 Pygorhynchus in most characters except that the phyllodes are single 

 pored in Parapygus but double pored in Pygorhynchus. Parapygus 

 is probably a descendant of Pygorhynchus. It occurs later in the 

 Cretaceous, and its single-pored phyllodes indicate that it is more 

 advanced. 



Remarks. — According to Mortensen (1948, p. 144) the apical 

 system may be tetrabasal or monobasal, because Checchia-Rispoli 

 (1914, p. 7; 1931, p. 17) reports a monobasal apical system in two 

 species he refers to Botriopygus, B. tripolitamis (Krumbeck) and 

 B. millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli. However, even if it is correct that 

 the apical systems are monobasal in these species, it is not certain 

 that they belong in the genus Parapygus. The shape of their tests and 

 the arrangement of their petals is not typical of Parapygus. In all 

 the species of Parapygus in which I have been able to see the apical 

 system, it has been tetrabasal, and until these supposedly monobasal 

 species have been reexamined, it seems best to consider Parapygus 

 as a tetrabasal genus. 



As most of the species of this genus have never been well figured, 

 I include pictures and drawings of several of the species. In the 

 ficole des Mines, I found what is probably Cotteau's figured speci- 

 men of P. nanclasi (Coquand). A picture of its adapical surface 

 and a picture of the adoral surface of another specimen from the 

 same locality is on plate 15, figures 8, 9. A drawing of a phyllode is 

 on text figure 81. Cotteau in his figure 4 erroneously shows double 

 pores in the phyllodes. The apical system is clearly tetrabasal in this 

 species. The lectotype of P. cassiduloides Gauthier (herein desig- 

 nated) was figured by Gauthier (1889a, pi. 3, figs. 8, 9) and is in 

 the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. It is figured 

 herein on plate 14, figures 7-9, with an enlarged view of the floscelle 

 of Gauthier's figured paratype on plate 14, figure 10. A drawing 

 of its phyllodes is on text fig. 82. A specimen of P. toucasanus 

 (d'Orbigny) from the d'Orbigny Collection is figured on plate 12, 

 figure 6, with a drawing of one of its phyllodes on text figure 83. From 

 the Cotteau Collection at the ficole des Mines, I have included photo- 

 graphs of two specimens of P. coquandi (Cotteau) (pi. 15, figs, i, 

 2) and a drawing of a phyllode (text fig. 84). 



Range and distribution. — Upper Cretaceous (Turonian to Seno- 

 nian) of Europe and Africa. Lambert and Thiery (1921, p. 352) 

 give as the range for this genus Valanginian to Senonian. All the 

 pre-Turonian species I have seen have had double-pored phyllodes 

 and should be referred to Pygorhynchus. 



