NO. 3 CASSIDULOID ECHINOIDS — KIER 209 



peristome transverse, anterior, large, subpentagonal ; bourrclcts well 

 developed, vertical walled ; phyllodes broad, single pored, with two 

 or sometimes three series of pores in each half -ambulacrum ; buccal 

 pores present. 



Comparison with other genera. — Some species of Gitolampas are 

 very similar to species of Echinolampas, but can always be distin- 

 guished by their longitudinal periproct, and poriferous zones of equal 

 length in the same petal. This genus is distinguished from Kephrenia 

 by its longitudinal periproct and wider than high peristome. 



In this genus, the phyllodes usually have two series of pores in 

 each half -ambulacrum, but in a specimen I studied of G. destnoulini 

 (Delbos) figured by Cotteau (1888, pi. 162) the phyllodes are very 

 crowded, with the pores in three irregular series (text fig. 174). 



Range and distribution. — Upper Cretaceous (Senonian)to Miocene 

 of Europe, North Africa, Madagascar, India, and the United States. 



Remarks. — Included in this genus are many of the species pre- 

 viously referred to Echinanthiis Ereynius (1732). Mortensen (1948, 

 p. 240) and Lambert and Thiery (1921, p. 366) maintained this 

 genus even though it was pre-Linnean. As discussed on page 226, 

 Echinanthus must be attributed to Leske (1778), the first post- 

 Linnean author to use the name. Both Gitolampas scutella (Lamarck) 

 and Gitolampas cuvieri (Miinster) have been considered as the type 

 species of Echinanthus Breynius. Both of these species appear to be 

 congeneric with Gitolampas tunetana. I have included drawings of 

 a phyllode (text fig. 171), and photographs of the holotype of G. 

 cuvieri (pi. 40, figs, i, 2). Lambert and Thiery (1921, p. 368) first 

 considered Gitolampas a subgenus of Echinanthus Breynius, but later 

 (1924, p. 397) separated it. They stated that it differs from Echinan- 

 thus in having a lower periproct, notched at the margin, and by the 



Figs. 171-176. — 171, Gitolampas cuvieri (Miinster) : Phyllode of ambula- 

 crum II of specimen 763 in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, from 

 the Eocene, X IS- 172, Gitolampas georgiensis (Twitchell) : Phyllode of ambu- 

 lacrum IV of holotype, USNM 165683b, from the Paleocene, Clayton formation 

 on Parker's farm on the Aniericus road, 5 miles south of Ellaville, Ga., X i- 

 173, Gitolampas issyavicnsis Munier-Chalmas : Phyllode of ambulacrum V of 

 Cotteau's (1888, pis. 154, 155, fig. i) figured specimen in the ficole National 

 Superieure des Mines, Paris, from the Eocene, at Issy, France, X 10. 174, 

 Gitolampas dcsmoulini (Delbos) : Phyllode of ambulacrum IV of Cotteau's 

 (1888, pi. 162) figured specimen in the ficole National Superieure des Mines, 

 Paris, from the Middle Eocene, at Blaye, France, X 8. 175, Gitolampas tunetana 

 (Gauthier) : Phyllode of ambulacrum II of Cotteau's (1890, pi. 245, figs. 6-9; 

 pi. 246, figs. 1-6) in the Lambert Collection, Sorbonne, Paris, from the Lower 

 Eocene, at Mides, Tunisia, X I5- 176, Eurhodia morrisi Haime: Phyllode of 

 ambulacrum III of specimen C 3632 in the collections of the University of Cali- 

 fornia, from the Paleocene, Ranikot beds, at Petiani, India, X 10. 



