413 



for if gold be not put into and kept in exchange it is of no more use or 

 value than rubbish. 



There are at present scattered all over the globe numbers of political 

 cobbers who, to get hold of other people's property, preach that there 

 should be a community of all things. Xow if these ultra-radicals were 

 to give the subject honest consideration they would see that the riches 

 of Great Britain and Ireland are practically as communistic as even 

 they themselves could either make or wish them. 



Our traders, from the smallest to the greatest", have to embark and 

 employ their capital so as to produce a profit and revenue therefrom ; 

 but before helping themselves they have to hand over the greater portion 

 of that income to their employees in return for work done in providing 

 the income. Kow as the employed class of the kingdom outnumber the 

 employing class by an overwhelming majority, and as they are of the 

 humbler grades of society, we thus have practical illustratioa of 

 " community " of rich men's money among the poorer classes. 



In like manner our nobility and gentry, who derive their incomes 

 mostly out of land, return that money in some way or other. Take, 

 for instance, the average resident country gentleman of, say, £5,000 

 a year, derivable out of land. He does not eat or suchwise do away with 

 the gold he gets from his tenants ; he circulates it right aod left 

 in all directions and among all classes. To artisans, merchants, trades- 

 men, and the tenants themselves he pays for necessaries for himself and 

 household. He employs servants and labourers about his house 

 and establishment. He spends a large portion of his income in further- 

 ing and sustaining societies got up for the advancement of agricultural 

 and horticultural science, as he also does towards promotion of the 

 breeding of horses and live stock, while his purse is always open for a 

 subscription towards purposes of religion, education, and amusement. 

 Then, if he is inclined for a practical indulgence in field sports, I have 

 already pretty abundantly proved what he expends upon them, and 

 into what channels his money flows. 



It is therefore plainly manifest, as said shortly in Chap, xvii., 

 that, although £5,000 a year is focussed in the one individual, the 

 whole sum radiates through countless outlets into the pockets of his 

 fellow-creatures. 



To the humbler classes it is a necessity to their advancement and good 

 condition of life to have example set them by the higher classes. This 

 is made manifest by comparing the state of the humble classes who 

 live in the parts of the country where gentry are resident with that of 

 the people who dwell elsewhere. 



Thus is shown that it is out of the commercial and territorial portions 

 of our community that nearly all the middle and humble live and 

 thrive— which, but by righteous means, gives effect to the doctrines 

 of communism. 



The unfortunate spendthrift, who goes in for a short life and a merry 

 one, subscribes still more directly to those principles, for he, in his folly, 



