March, 1921. 



SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE 



119 



authors on British Columbia insects record the presence 

 in the province of Teras mimtta. Much of the work 

 ascribed to the Bud Moth (T. ocfUa»a) and to the Les- 

 ser Apple "Worm has been placed to the credit of Teras 

 minuta in the minds of field iuspectors. Its presence is 

 popularly believed to exist and doubtless some moths 

 were orisrinally identified as referable to this species. 

 The writer lias, however, been unsuccessful in recovering 

 Teras miniiia and all efforts to collect it or its near re- 

 latives have failed until this year when Peronea maxim- 

 ana was bred from the North Okanagan. Its identity 

 was proved bj- Dr. J. McDunnough, Dcminion Entomo- 

 logical Branch, Ottawa. Larvae of P. maximana fre- 

 quent the terminal leaf clusters on water sprouts of 

 apple trees, skeletonising the leaves, and may be found 

 feedmg during spring and until mid-July. Pupation 

 takes place in July in leaf clu.sters and moths appear in 

 August and September. 



Larval characters, Peronea maximana. 



The full grown larva mea.sures 14 mm. in length and 

 is of a uniformly pale yellow colour, tinged with green 

 with a semi-transparent integument through which 

 may be seen a broad bluish-black longitudinal stripe. 

 Tlie body segmentation is well defined with no readily 

 obser^-ed markings of any kind. The ventral surface 

 is throughout paler than the dorsal. Head pale yel- 

 low, shiny, with mouth parts of a decidedly purplish 

 tinge. Tubercles inconspicuous, bearing short hairs 

 of a pale colour. 



Peronea agrees with Cacoecia. Olethreufcs and Enar- 

 monia in having mu, kappa and eta on the same pinacu- 

 lum on the !tth abdominal segment but differs from all 

 these genera in having the pi group of the 7th abdo- 

 minal segment bisetose and the 8th segment unisetose. 

 The pupa measures 12 mm, in length and is of an 

 uniformly dark brown colour. 



Olefhreutes consanquinana while also known to occur 

 in British Columbia on apple trees is not dealt with in 

 detail in this paper owing to lack of material for study. 



The Lesser Apple Worm, E narmonia priinivora, must 

 be considered next. This species of all others is most 

 often confused with the Codling ]Moth. It is mentioned 

 at this point for the reason that structurally it is more 

 closely allied to Acleris (Peronea). Archips (Cacoecia) 

 and Olethreufcs than with the Codling Moth, "With 

 these genera it agrees in having alpha on abdominal seg- 

 ment 9 as distant from rho as from beta and never sit- 

 uated on the same pinaculum with rho. The associa- 

 tion of mu, kappa, and eta on the same segment is also 

 a guiding characteristic. None of these characters are 

 found in Codling Moth larvae. 



Lar^-al characters, E narmonia priinivora. 



The full grown larva measures approximately three- 

 eighths of an inch in length. In general colour the 

 larvae vary from a white to a flesh pink but the pink 

 shade is more pronounced than with the Codling Moth 

 larva. The outlines of the body taper somewhat to- 

 wards the extremities. The head, prothoracie shield 

 and anal plate are dull brown. The plate upon the 

 Ia.st segment of the body bears a few long hairs and 

 immediately beneath its hinder margin is a peculiar 

 pale brown comb-like .structure, furnished with a 

 series of acutely pointed teeth which lie parallel to 

 each other. 



The only other two larvae that need consideration are 



the Bud Moth, Tmetocera ocellana, and the Codling 

 iloth, Cydia pomonella. 



Both differ from other larvae mentioned and aoree 

 with each other in having alpha on abdominal segment 

 9 close to rho and on the same pinaculum with it not 

 associated with beta. The two larvae, however, are so 

 readily di.stuiguished from their colours and habits 

 that there can be no confusion. The Bud Moth 

 seldom penetrates to a greater depth in an apple than 

 ■--i mm, and ls only fruit-infesting in the autumn and 

 at a time when the larva does not exceed 5 mm in 

 length. The Codling Moth on the other hand, enters 

 the apple as a minute larva and penetrates to the core 

 at once, becoming full grown (34 inch) in the fruit. 



Larval characters, Tmetocera ocellana. 



Larva full grown measui-es half an inch in length and 

 IS of a cinnamon brown colour with head, prcthoracic 

 shield and anal plate almost black. Kappa and eta 

 on the first abdominal segment in a nearlv vertical 

 line. 



Larval characters, Cydia pomonella. 



Larva when full gro^vn averages three-quarters of an 

 inch in length, eylmdrical or evenlv rounded through- 

 out, of a colour that varies from white to a pale flesh 

 pink. Head brown with darker markines. Prothor- 

 acie shield and anal plate pale brown. Tubercles less 

 distinct than in immature larvae. Alpha on se<'ment 

 9 close to rho, and acc'ording to Fracker, usualTv sit- 

 uated on the same pmaculum with it, not associated 

 with beta. 



Thanks are due to Dr. J. McDunnough. Entomologi- 

 cal Branch, Ottawa, for his kindness in determinin<r 

 Peronea maximana, Cacoecia rosaceana, Epicallima di- 

 ynidiella, Mmeola tricolorella and Rachela bruceata 

 Marmara pomonella was identified bv Mr, A L Quain- 

 tance of the V. S. Bureau of EntomJloev and Olethreu- 

 tes consanquinana by Mr. Arthur Gibson. Dominion En- 

 tomologist, Ottawa, Mr, E. P. Venables. Field officer 

 \ ernon, B.C. has been as.sociated with the author in this 

 work and several of the records in this paper are due 

 to tield collections made by him. 



For the sake of convenience I append an illustration 

 adapted from Fracker \s Monograph .showing the twelve 

 hypothetical setae with the three subprimaries, 



VACANCIES IN THE INDIAN AGRICULTURAL 

 SERVICE. 



We have received announcement of several vacan- 

 cies, open for application, in the agricultural service 

 of India, as follows: .3 Deputy Directors of Agricul- 

 ture. 7 Economic Botanists. 1 Soil Physicist. 1 Bac- 

 teriologist, 1 Agrostologist, 1 Professor of Horticul- 

 ture, 1 Mycologist, 2 Professors of Agriculture, 1 

 Assistant Principal, Agricultural College. 



In practically all eases, an applicant possessing a 

 University degree is given preference. In research 

 and teaching posts, two years research work is also 

 preferable. 



Any who are interested in further particulars re- 

 garding this service, should communicate with the 

 Secretary of the Government of India, Department of 

 Revenue and Agriculture, Delhi, who will furnish all 

 information in regard to present vacancies, qualifica- 

 tions required, salaries, etc. 



The vacancies mentioned above are as of January 

 15. 1921, ' 



