Contents 



/. History of the Ocea?is 



Shape and Structure of Ocean Basins, by Maurice Ewing 



and Mark Landisman 3 



Forces and Processes at Work in Ocean Basins, by E. C. 



BULLARD 39 



Stratigraphy of the Deep-Sea Floor, by Edwin L. Hamilton 51 



The Biologist Poses Some Problems, by G. E. Hutchinson 85 



Origin of Life on the Shores of the Ocean : Physical and 

 Chemical Conditions Determining First Appearance 

 of Biological Processes, by J. D. Bernal 95 



Origin of Life in the Oceans, by A. L Oparin 119 



Geological Record on the Ocean Floor, by Gustaf 



Arrhenius 129 



//. Populations of the Sea 



Paleobiogeogeography of the Marine Realm, by Preston 



E. Cloud, Jr. 151 



Biogeographical Boundaries: The Shapes of Distributions, 



by R. S. Glover 201 



Evolution in the Deep Seas, by G. S. Carter 229 



The Role of Ethology in Oceanography, by H. O. Bull 239 



Physiological Significance of Light in Marine Ecosystems, 



by Hermann Friedrich 257 



Cultivation of Marine Organisms as a Means of Under- 

 standing Environmental Influences on Populations, by 

 Trygve Braarud 271 



ix 



