96 



HISTORY OF THE OCEAN'S 



Table I. 



Stage 



Main New Constituents 



Surface of lithosphere 



Hydrosphere 



Atmosphere 



Primary Free- 

 Energy Source 



1. Production and con- 

 centration of sim- 

 ple molecules 



Si02 Sand NH^HCOs 



AlSiOfOH) H2S 



Fe(0H)2 Clay XaCl 



CaCOs Precipitated KCl 



limestone KH2PO4 



Low 



concen- 

 trations 



CO2 (or CH4) 



N2 



NH3 ] 



H2S \ Very little 



H2O I 



2NH3— N2 + 3H3 



N2 + 2H2 + 2H 

 8SH2^ Ss + 8H2 



Dehydrogenation Same with FeS 

 and condensation. 

 SUBVITAL 

 AREAS 



KH4HCO3 1 Decreasing Increasing X2 



H2S !■ concentra- Decreasing CO2 



KCl J tion CH4, NH3 and SH2 



NaCl Increasing disappear 



concentration 



Short-wave sunlight ? 



3. Polymerization and Organically formed K ions and inorganic Very low concen- 



coacervate forma- FeO(OH) and CaC03 PO4 ionsdecreasing tration of CO2 



tion EOBIONTS 



Visible sunlight 

 Metal clathrate photo- 

 synthesis? 



4. Nucleoprotein Organically formed ac- Composition approxi- Rapidly increasing Activated porphyrin 



organelles celerated weathering mating to present but O2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS 



less NaCl 



5. Lipid-covered organ- The same 

 elles 



The same with increas- Atmosphere approx- Lipid plastids with chlo- 

 ing NaCl mating to present rophyll for photosyn- 



composition thesis 



6. Membrane-enclosed 

 cells 

 Protobacteria 

 ORGANISMS 



Organic soils on land The same with increas- The same with in- Oxidation of S and Fe 

 areas ing NaCl creasing NaCl with atmospheric oxy- 



gen 



7. Nucleated cells Trapped organic matter The same with increas- The same with in- 



in sediments ing NaCl creasing NaCl 



PROTOZOA Oil 



Separation of photosyn- 

 thetic plants from 

 orgaaiphagic animals 



