PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MARINE REALM 187 



as is hinted by the known distribution of the Turonian guide 

 ammonite Scipionoceras gracile (Shumard), supplied by W. A. 

 Cobban after the current system suggested in Fig. 10 was plotted. 

 It would be of interest also to analyze the history of the Pana- 

 manian link and its effect on current movement and evaporite- 

 carbonate sequences of the northern Gulf Coast over a range of 

 Cretaceous time, but that is another job. 



A Passing Reference to the Tertiary 



The Tertiary is replete with paleobiogeographical data of such 

 a variety and degree of refinement as to offer a surfeit of choices 

 for analysis. This has advantages and disadvantages, but the 

 Tertiary has given us our best paleobiogeographic reconstructions 

 of any antiquity, and Tertiary and younger Cenozoic relationships 

 received much attention in the seminars of this Congress. Tertiary 

 paleoclimates have been reviewed by MacGinitie (1958) and 

 selected evidence from the marine realm bearing on Tertiary 

 latitudinal zonation and progressive climatic deterioration has 

 been condensed in papers by Durham (1950, 1952, 1959). 



I could not bear to pass the Tertiary treasure box without at 

 least mentioning the magnificent works of Ostwald Heer (1868- 

 1883) and of Reid and Chandler (1933) on the older Tertiary 

 angiosperms. Even though they are not marine paleobiogeography 

 (and Heer's Arctic "tropical Miocene" is warm-temperate to 

 subtropical Eocene and Paleocene) they establish the basis for 

 paleoclimatologic conclusions that profoundly affect the marine 

 realm. The already cited paleobiogeographic classic by Davis and 

 Elliott (1957) on the London clay sea makes ample use of this data. 



Flysch Fades 



The flysch facies, a generally early syntectonic basinal sediment 

 characterized by intercalated coarse redeposited elastics and fine- 

 grained pelagic sediments, is the special topic at this Congress of 

 Ksiazkiewicz (1959), who has devoted a large part of his productive 

 life to it, and who undoubtedly knows more about more phases of 

 the problem than anyone else here (e.g., Ksiazkiewicz, 1958). 

 Nevertheless, because it is a subject of timely and growing interest, 

 I venture to add my own interpretation of the flysch facies as 



