334 



THE DEEP SEA 



(3) 10,000-20,000 km/year 



O >>-(l) 1,300m' 



(2) 2-130 km/year 



Fig. 6. A scheme of the adsorption system of seston and the \ertical migration 

 plankton and the horizontal migration of fishes beneath 1 m- of ocean surface in 

 the mild zones characterized by mean life density. 



bottom accumulation of CaCOa in the tropics from anthozoans 

 should yield not less than 5 X 10^^ tons per year. The annual 

 accumulation of 510-2 on the bottom of the Bering Sea is of the 

 order of 8 X 10" tons. Calculations of this sort enable us to obtain 

 certain quantitative characteristics of many aspects of the chem- 

 ical balance in the ocean which can be compared with the data of 

 paleochemistry. Hence, it is essential that quantitative investi- 

 gations of the composition of various biological and biochemical 

 processes in the ocean be developed and expanded. 



REFERENCES 



Andryashev, A. P. 1953. Ancient deep-water and secondary deep-water 



fish and their significance for zoogeographical analysis. (In Russian.) 

 Birstein, Ya. A. 1959. Paleotemperatures and problems concerning the 



origin of the deep-water fauna. Priroda, No. 5. (In Russian.) 

 Bruun, A. Fr. 1956. The abyssal fauna: Its ecology, distribution and 



origin. Nature, 177, 1105-1108. 

 1957. Deep sea and abyssal depths. In Treatise on Marine 



Ecology and Paleoecology. Vol. I. Ecology, Joel Hedgpeth, Editor. 



Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., No. 67, 641-672. 

 Dall, W. H. 1908. The Mollusca and the Brachiopoda. Bull. Museum 



Comp. Zool.. 43 (7), 377-379. 



