LARVAL TRANSPORT BY OCEAN CURRENTS 473 



stay for such a long time in the plankton that they may often with 

 success bridge the enormous gap between oceanic coastal zones. 

 True long-distance larvae, furthermore, seem mainly to be asso- 

 ciated with tropical and subtropical seas and to be rare or lacking 

 in temperate and cold regions. 



The most urgent problems for study in the near future to 

 improve our understanding of larval transport problems are the 

 re-examination of Mortensen's observation on budding and 

 metagenesis on several tropical species of ophiurans and asteroids 

 and a valid series of figures for the maximum velocities of the 

 ocean-crossing surface currents. 



REFERENCES 



Banse, Karl. 1955. Uber das Verhalten von meroplanktischen Larven in 



geschichtetem Wasser. Kiel. Meeresforsch., 11 (2), 188-200. 

 . 1956. tJber den Transport von meroplanktischen Larven aus deni 



Kattegat in die Kieler Bucht. Ber. dent. Wiss. Komm. Meeresforsch., 



14 (2), 147-164. 

 Bertelsen, E., and H. Ussing. 1936. Marine tropical animals carried to 



the Copenhagen Sydhavn on a ship from the Bermudas. Vid. Medd. 



Dansk Naturh. Foren., 100, 237-246. 

 Chace, F. A., and W. H. Dumont. 1949. Spiny lobsters — identification, 



world distribution and U.S. trade. Com. Fisheries Rev., 11 (5), 1-11. 

 Chapman, W. M., and A. H. Banner. 1949. Contributions to the life 



history of the Japanese oyster drill, Tritonalia japonica, with notes 



on other enemies of the Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida. Washington, 



State Dept. Fisheries, Biol. Bull. No. 49A, 167-200. 

 Dawydoff, C. 1940. Quelques veligeres geantes de Prosobranches pro- 



venant de la Mer de Chine. Bull. Biol. France et Belg., 74 (4), 



497-508. 

 Day, J. H. 1937. The development oi^Capitellides giardi Mesnil. Kept. 



Dove Marine Lab. for 1936, 31-37. 

 Delap, M., and C. Delap. 1906. Notes on the plankton of Valencia 



Harbour, 1902-1905. Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest, for 1905, 3-22. 

 Ekman, Sven. 1953. Zoogeography of the Sea. Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd., 



London. 

 Ehrenbaum, E. 1907. Kiinstliche Zucht und Wachstum des Hunnners. 



Mitt. deut. Seefisch. Ver., 23, 178-198. 

 Gardiner, J. Stanley. 1904. Notes and observations on the distribution of 



the larvae of marine animals. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 14, 



403-410. 



