ROUTINE OF LIVING ON U.S.S. DOGFISH UNDER WAY 



335 



engaged in mainly in the afternoon and even- 

 ing hours. Games, aknost exclusively card 

 games, were played very little between 4 and 

 8 o'clock, and thereafter the curve of their 

 incidence rises to mid-morning, mid-after- 

 noon, and evening maxima. However, read- 

 ing and card-playing often varied in the 

 opposite sense. Between 16 and 19 o'clock 

 reading was on an increase, while card-play- 

 ing was falling off. It should be noted (Fig. 

 2) that the maximum percentage of the men 

 reading at any one hour (21 to 22 o'clock) 

 was less than 15, and of those playing games 

 (16 to 17 and 22 to 23 o'clock) only about 9. 

 Individuals, who did not read, write, or play 

 games while awake, usually lounged in their 

 bunks or engaged in conversation with their 

 shipmates. 



Body Temperatures 



The nine individuals who volunteered for 

 this chore had their mouth temperatures 

 recorded every four hours. The diurnal 

 curves of four of them, one representative 

 from each section, are shown in Fig. 3. 

 Their hourly variations in wakefulness, 

 superimposed on their temperature curves, 

 show them to be typical of their respective 

 sections in this respect (Fig. 1). It can be 

 seen that the three individuals from the 

 watch sections had double diurnal curves 

 of both sleep-wakefulness and body temper- 

 ature; that each of the six maxima of tem- 

 perature occurred toward the end of the 

 watch periods; and that afternoon and even- 

 ing maxima were generally higher than the 

 night and morning ones. On the other 

 hand, the representative of Section IV 

 (lowermost curve) had a typical minimum 

 body temperature in the middle of his night 

 sleep and the usual temperature plateau be- 

 tween 12 and 20 o'clock. Thus, it is possi- 

 ble, while isolated from external influences 

 on a submarine, both to preserve the shore 

 type 24-hour body temperature curve by 

 following the customary routine of living, 

 and to establish two unequal 12-hour curves. 



on "4 hours on and 8 hours off" watch 

 schedules. 



Self -Rating on Alertness 

 To determine roughly the degree of ad- 

 justment of the personnel of the DOGFISH 



/2 

 HQCRS 



Fig. 3. The percentages of wakefulness for 

 every hour for one man out of each of the four 

 sections of the personnel of the DOGFISH. 

 Superimposed on the wakefulness curves are the 

 mean body temperature curves of the same indi- 

 viduals. Data are based on 9 full 24-hour periods. 

 The mean duration of sleep per 24 hours for each 

 of the four men was as follows (in hours) : J. C. B., 

 9.94, L. B., 8.39, R. C. W., 9.44, and G. P., 7.94. 



to the community pattern of wakefulness 

 when ashore, each person was questioned 

 as to the time of the day when his alertness 

 was highest (see Appendix). The self -rat- 

 ings, given in Table I, reveal few difference 



