338 



SLEEP-WAKEFULNESS CYCLE 



6. All sections can be called to General Quarters 

 between 13 and 15 o'clock without interrup- 

 tion of their sleep periods. 



On the proposed schedules the entire eight 

 hours of duty fall -within a 12-14 hour period 

 and are subdivided into three unequal, in- 

 stead of the present two equal, watches. 

 The men are given a full half-hour for every 



arrangement were worked out among all 

 of them, utihzing individual skills to the 

 fullest extent. 



During a trial run under the proposed 

 routine, observations on the distribution of 

 sleep and wakefulness, following the pattern 

 worked out on the DOGFISH, should reveal 

 to what extent the new schedules produce 



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Fig. 4. Experimental scheme of hours of watches, meals, and sleep for the personnel of a submarine. 

 Lower part, a schedule of activities for cooks and messmen who would be required to prepare and serve 

 nine meals to one section at a time, instead of three meals to the entire personnel at once. Each meal 

 (double arrow) is scheduled to last 30 minutes. B is for breakfast, D, for dinner, and S, for supper in 

 each of the three schedules. 



meal and then an additional hour for relaxa- 

 tion prior to standing each watch. The 

 really revolutionary feature of this routine 

 lies in the necessity of preparing and serving 

 nine meals per day. The lower part of Fig. 

 4 shows how the cooks and messmen, as 

 regular members of the three watch sections, 

 could handle the succession of meals around 

 the clock. Since only one-third of the per- 

 sonnel w^ould have to be fed at each meal, 

 one cook and one messman per section should 

 be sufficient, especially if some cooperative 



an even degree of alertness throughout the 

 24 hours of the diurnal cycle. Body tem- 

 peratures, followed on two men from each 

 section during the cruise, should furnish ad- 

 ditional information on that subject. How- 

 ever, neither distribution of wakefulness, nor 

 body temperature data, can be allowed to 

 take the place of actual tests of performance. 

 For these tests, submarine operational pro- 

 cedures, such as diving, firing torpedoes, 

 manning battle stations, etc., should be 

 scored on the basis of speed and accuracy 



