SUBJECT INDEX 



539 



Sonar, 201, 219, 345 

 echo ranging 

 Doppler effect, 221 

 systems, 219 

 listening 



systems, 219 

 operator 

 auditory tasks, 220 

 echo ranging systems, 220 

 listening systems, 220 

 reception, 346 

 signals 



atonal, 220 



noise background, 220 

 tonal, 220 

 target 

 identification, 220 

 motion analysis, 220 

 Sonic listening, 345 

 Sound absorbing material, 349 

 Speech 

 communication, 243, 350 

 audibility criteria for voice, 235 

 effects of masking and distortion, 243 

 hazards in submarine, 233 

 listeners 



improvement with training, 236 

 methods for improvement, 234 

 message standardization, 234, 237 

 selection of operators, 234 

 training of operators, 234, 236 

 practical range of intensities, 243 

 relation of talking to listening ability, 236 

 special problems in military situation, 234 

 talkers 



improvement with training, 236 

 intelligibility 

 effect of amplitude selection, 246 

 center clipping, 246 

 peak clipping, 246 

 effect of binaural hearing, 243 

 frequency selectivity 



men's vs. women's voices, 245 

 effect of eliminating high frequencies, 244 

 effect of eliminating low frequencies, 244 

 effect of frequency selectivity, 244 

 effect of masking, 244 

 relation to intensity, 243 

 relation to intensity and complexity of mate- 

 rial, 243 

 sounds 



secondary, 346 

 Standard submarine phraseology 

 existing list, 238 

 selection criteria, 238 

 Static receptors (See Ear, inner) 

 acceleration as stimulus, 375, 393 

 gravity as stimulus, 375 



Stimulation deafness, 346 (See also Deafness and 



Hearing) 

 Stimulus 



measure of effectiveness, 405, 411 

 Stress, 436 

 aggravated by physiological impairment, 419 

 defined, 417 

 effects, 136 

 emotional, 418 

 causes, 441 



personality structure, 441 

 defined, 441 

 minimizing, 455 

 on submarines, 443, 454 

 research proposals, 454 

 results, 452 

 physiological, 452 

 psychological, 453 

 selection and placement to minimize, 455 

 toleration, 446, 456 

 feed-back effects on central nervous system, 418, 



419, 421 

 physiological, 417 

 and chronic deprivation, 428 

 diet, 429 

 sleep loss, 428 

 effect 



alleviation, 434 

 efficiency of men at high temperatures 



acquisition, 424 

 emotional concomitants, 417 

 factors, 417 

 from demands of duty 

 productive of emotion, 424, 426 

 productive of symptoms of functional dis- 

 orders, 426 

 habituation, 435 

 homeostasis 

 humidity, 417, 423 

 O2-CO2 imbalance 

 auditory effects, 422 

 blood sugar as compensator, 421 

 EEG changes, 420 

 effect on psychological teat performance, 



421 

 visual effects, 422 

 odors, 417, 424 

 pressure, 417 



salt and water supply, 424, 434 

 temperature, 417, 423 

 autonomic control, 423 

 effect of clothing, 423 

 skin and lungs, 423 

 measurement 

 expressive manifestations, 429 

 tests of reaction, 431 

 motion sickness, 424 



