LOWER G KEENS AND. 4-1 



These beds are seen again, but less clearly, in the lane to 

 Calboiirne by Black Barrow, this hill itself being composed of 

 very fine white and grey sand of the Sand-rock Series. But tiie 

 best section occurs by tiie road-side at liock. There the Sand- 

 rock Series consists of current-bedded crimson, pink, brown, buff, 

 yellow, and whitish sand; a beautiful combination of colours, the 

 crimson being very rich. Above this sand lies a band of pebbly 

 iron-stone constituting the base of the Carstone, 



The Lower Greensand escarpment is breached at Rock by the 

 stream from Bottlehole Spring, but rises again on the east of this 

 valley into a bold hill, many of the lanes up which provide good 

 sections. The upper boundary of the Atherfield Clay seems to 

 run along the upper road in Brixton, and the strata next above it 

 consist of yeHoA' sandstone, brown or reddish in places, and with 

 a few thin clayey bands. At the foot of the steeper and unculti- 

 vated part of the hill there runs a bed of deep-red iron-sand with 

 abundant spherical grains of iron-oxide as well as rounded quartz 

 grains, which seems to be the same bed that extends from the east 

 of Compton Chine under Brook Church. Immediately over it lies 

 a bed of yellow and white sand, with wavy laminae of clay, closely 

 resembling the Sand-rock Series. This series, however, comes on 

 nearer the top of the hill, where bright-pink, pale-red, yellow and 

 white sand-rock is repeatedly exposed. 



The escarpment becomes insignificant south of Shorwell, where 

 it is crossed by the stream from which this village takes its name. 

 Yafford stands on the Atherfield Clay, but a slight rise in the 

 ground, and the brown sandy soil indicate the base of the Ferru- 

 ginous Sands, and show that the strike has changed to nearly 

 south. Near Yafford Mill, a pit shows buff snnd and loam 

 overlain by a little gravel, and at Wolverton iron-sand rests on 

 greensand, the dip being north-north-east at 10°. The Shorwell 

 and Atherfield road-cutting near this firm is made throuo-h brown 

 and green current-bedded sand at a slightly higher horizon ; while 

 at Haslett brown sand appears with bands of ferruginous grit, and 

 in the upper part a band of white sand. It is difficult to detect 

 here the horizon of the iron-sand which we traced a;? far as 

 Brixton. It might be expected to run near Wolverton, and 

 through Smallmoor, connecting itself there with a well-defined bed 

 which we shall subsequently follow up from near Blacko-ano-. 



The sections in the Sand-rock Series are more numerous. The 

 beds of rock, which become a noticeable feature above Brixton 

 increase in number and thickness eastwards, and form small 

 features along the strike near West Court and Presford. They are 

 generally white, though tinged here and there with red or yellow. 

 So abundant is the white sand soil on these strata that some 

 of the fields on the east side of Bucks had the appearance of 

 being partly covered with snow in the dry summer of 1887. 



The dip of the rocks in this neighbourhood has diminished to 

 8°, and grows less as we proceed eastwards. The various sub- 

 divisions accordingly each occupy a wider belt, and at the same 

 time display more fully their characteristic features in the form of 



