solvents, or other chemicals that would have leached from the ice chests used for sediment 

 storage. Five liters of hard standard reconstituted water were stored in a large ice chest, and then 

 1 I. was collected for centrifugation at 4,000 X g at 4°C. The water was stored in a 1-L 

 cubitainer with no head space at 4°C for no more than 1 week. 



Temperature, dissolved oxygen (D.O.). pH and conductivity of each porewater solution 

 were measured and recorded prior to the start of the test. When the D.O. was below 8 ppm O9 

 for any solution, it was aerated for 1 hour. Ten 10-ml volumes of each porewater solution were 

 poured into separate 30-ml plastic cups and placed in a brood board (test board). Ten brood cups 

 that contained eight or more young were chosen to provide neonates for the test. Using one 

 brood cup at a time, one neonate was placed in each of the five treatment cups in one row in the 

 test board. Different brood cups were used for each row on the test board. After the addition of 

 neonates, the cups on the test board were placed in random order according to a random diagram 

 obtained from USEPA (1989) (Figure 2). After the addition of the neonates 0.1 ml YCT and 0.1 

 ml S. capricomutiim solution were added to each cup. Test solutions were renewed daily by 

 placing 10 ml of fresh porewater solution in new 30-ml plastic cups. Temperature. pH. D.O. and 

 conductivity were measured before the addition of the porewater to new test cups. The adults 

 were removed from each test cup with a Pasteur pipette, and placed in a clean test cup containing 

 fresh porewater solution. We recorded the status of the adult (alive or dead), and counted the 

 number of young produced. Old test solutions and cups were discarded. The adults were fed 0.1 

 ml YCT and 0.1 ml S. capricomutiim solution daily after solution renewals. Tests ran until at 

 least 60% of the surviving females in the control solutions had produced at least three broods or 

 until the porewater solutions were used up. 



