MEASUREMENTS 1 7 



The area of a parallelogram equals the base times the per- 

 pendicular height. The area of any triangle equals the 

 base times one-half the perpendicular height. The surface 

 of a right cylinder equals the area of both ends -f- the 

 length times the circumference. The surface of a sphere 

 equals the diameter squared times 3. 141 59, or the diameter 

 times the circumference. 



Volume measurements. Measurements of volume are 

 generally made by means of the gallon or cubic foot. The 

 United States gallon is equivalent to 231 cubic inches. The 

 gallon is replaced by the cubic foot in large computations. 

 The cubic foot is the equivalent of 1,728 cubic inches or 

 7.4805 gallons. In computations where accuracy is not 

 required, y}4 gallons are considered the equivalent of a 

 cubic foot. 



Liquid Measure 



4 gills .__ 1 pint 



2 pints * 1 quart 



4 quarts 1 gallon 



(Barrels are made in various sizes, but 31 ^2 gallons is the standard.) 



Dry Measure 



2 pints 1 quart 



8 quarts 1 peck 



4 pecks 1 bushel 



(The legal bushel in the United States, which contains 2150.42 cubic 

 inches, varies from that of the English standard, which contains 

 2218.2 cubic inches.) 



The table on page 18 gives the legal number of pounds 

 per bushel of various agricultural products in the state of 

 Minnesota. The practice is very nearly uniform throughout 

 the country, and little variation from these weights will be 

 found in any of the states. 



Weight. The 16-ounce pound is the common unit of 

 weight measurement. For larger quantities the ton, equiva- 

 lent to 2,000 pounds, is used, and in a very few cases the 

 long ton, equivalent to 2,240 pounds. 



